{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385192494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185336","title":"U-MRAM: Transistor-Less, High-Speed (10 ns), Low-Voltage (0.6 V), Field-Free Unipolar MRAM for High-Density Data Memory","display_name":"U-MRAM: Transistor-Less, High-Speed (10 ns), Low-Voltage (0.6 V), Field-Free Unipolar MRAM for High-Density Data Memory","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385192494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101479566","display_name":"Ming-Hung Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-8282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Hung Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061207374","display_name":"Ming\u2010Chun Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming-Chun Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113245607","display_name":"Ching Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045377","display_name":"Yao\u2010Jen Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6822-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao-Jen Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111744268","display_name":"Yu-Chen Hsin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chen Hsin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088143400","display_name":"Shih-Ching Chiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Ching Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668155","display_name":"Kuan-Ming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7453-1565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Ming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111224823","display_name":"Yi-Hui Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hui Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044750792","display_name":"Chih-Yao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Yao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103783191","display_name":"Shan-Yi Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan-Yi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103180673","display_name":"Guanlong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan-Long Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066294073","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Han Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-8004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Han Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008312360","display_name":"S. Z. Rahaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-5106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sk Ziaur Rahaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059201051","display_name":"I\u2010Jung Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I-Jung Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017647579","display_name":"Chen-Yi Shih","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Yi Shih","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114068978","display_name":"Tsun-Chun Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsun-Chun Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101362739","display_name":"Jeng\u2212Hua Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeng-Hua Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112150802","display_name":"Shyh-Shyuan Sheu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyh-Shyuan Sheu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114053880","display_name":"Wei\u2010Chung Lo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chung Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102148020","display_name":"Shih-Chieh Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148468","display_name":"Industrial Technology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05szzwt63","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shih-Chieh Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Technology Research Institute,Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic and Optoelectronic System Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024381546","display_name":"Tuo\u2010Hung Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuo-Hung Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Institute of Electronics,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":21,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.382,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59389477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.9669972658157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.635176420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.48901376128196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-voltage","display_name":"High voltage","score":0.4519611597061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4514370262622833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3712167739868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.35253652930259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.18923619389533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.1489209234714508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13065803050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.06916388869285583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9669972658157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.635176420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.48901376128196716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.4519611597061157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4514370262622833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3712167739868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.35253652930259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18923619389533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.1489209234714508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13065803050994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.06916388869285583}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185336","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185336","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027228986","https://openalex.org/W2048414576","https://openalex.org/W2064221621","https://openalex.org/W3006617188","https://openalex.org/W4226247376"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2790139797","https://openalex.org/W3146164987","https://openalex.org/W2086829516","https://openalex.org/W2141626281","https://openalex.org/W2472395098","https://openalex.org/W2128922810","https://openalex.org/W3007150058","https://openalex.org/W2570111703","https://openalex.org/W3013816645"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"U-MRAM,":[0],"an":[1,60],"enabler":[2],"of":[3,24],"a":[4,12,28,67],"diode-selected":[5],"cross-point":[6],"MRAM":[7],"array,":[8],"is":[9,66],"demonstrated":[10],"using":[11,27],"mature":[13],"device":[14],"structure":[15],"identical":[16],"to":[17],"STT-MRAM.":[18],"U-MRAM":[19,65],"exploits":[20],"the":[21],"probabilistic":[22],"switching":[23],"thermal":[25],"fluctuations":[26],"single":[29],"write":[30],"voltage.":[31],"The":[32],"asymmetric":[33],"synthetic":[34],"antiferromagnetic":[35],"layer":[36],"(SAF)":[37],"enables":[38],"promising":[39],"UMRAM":[40],"properties,":[41],"including":[42],"low":[43],"voltage":[44],"(0.6":[45],"V),":[46],"high":[47],"speed":[48],"(10":[49],"ns),":[50],"excellent":[51],"endurance":[52],"(>$10^{10})$,":[53],"and":[54],"long":[55],"retention":[56],"(>10":[57],"years)":[58],"without":[59],"external":[61],"magnetic":[62],"field.":[63],"Diode-selected":[64],"strong":[68],"candidate":[69],"for":[70],"future":[71],"high-density":[72],"embedded":[73],"memory.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}