{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385192567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185320","title":"Record High Active Boron Doping using Low Temperature In-situ CVD: Enabling Sub-5\u00d710<sup>\u221210</sup> \u03a9-cm<sup>2</sup> \u03c1<sub>c</sub> from Cryogenic (5 K) to Room Temperature","display_name":"Record High Active Boron Doping using Low Temperature In-situ CVD: Enabling Sub-5\u00d710<sup>\u221210</sup> \u03a9-cm<sup>2</sup> \u03c1<sub>c</sub> from Cryogenic (5 K) to Room Temperature","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385192567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018251837","display_name":"Gerui Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0692-6404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerui Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375979","display_name":"Yuxuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1649-6974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047929835","display_name":"Haiwen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3707-3487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiwen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003859223","display_name":"Rami Khazaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-9708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132699","display_name":"ASM International (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ajjdx52","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092504","https://openalex.org/I4210132699"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rami Khazaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASM, Belgium, Kapeldreef 75,Leuven,Belgium,3001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASM, Belgium, Kapeldreef 75,Leuven,Belgium,3001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109625021","display_name":"Lutz Muehlenbein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132699","display_name":"ASM International (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ajjdx52","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092504","https://openalex.org/I4210132699"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lutz Muehlenbein","raw_affiliation_strings":["ASM, Belgium, Kapeldreef 75,Leuven,Belgium,3001"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ASM, Belgium, Kapeldreef 75,Leuven,Belgium,3001","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029175021","display_name":"Sheng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4523-6861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033403876","display_name":"Xuanqi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8620-5041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanqi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075794765","display_name":"Rui Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9640-6643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000856188","display_name":"Zijie Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8265-6019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijie Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000688694","display_name":"Gengchiau Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9354-6509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gengchiau Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014399843","display_name":"Xiao Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9243-1937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Singapore,117576","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65038374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11853","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10624","display_name":"Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doping","display_name":"Doping","score":0.5888999700546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boron","display_name":"Boron","score":0.5290072560310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-resistivity-and-conductivity","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","score":0.5080461502075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.44420522451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.4416294991970062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.42117932438850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography","display_name":"Crystallography","score":0.3568444848060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.20283105969429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1908394694328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.0933094322681427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57863236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130571","display_name":"Doping","level":2,"score":0.5888999700546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501308230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618","display_name":"Boron","level":2,"score":0.5290072560310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69990965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65402698","display_name":"Electrical resistivity and conductivity","level":2,"score":0.5080461502075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.44420522451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4416294991970062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.42117932438850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.3568444848060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.20283105969429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1908394694328308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0933094322681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185320","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185320","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252026737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4248170858","https://openalex.org/W2391404245","https://openalex.org/W2154505035","https://openalex.org/W2071499028","https://openalex.org/W2366974299","https://openalex.org/W1985467192","https://openalex.org/W2282716039","https://openalex.org/W4253929477","https://openalex.org/W1992391092","https://openalex.org/W1973330524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,43,103],"report":[1],"the":[2,60,83,106,109,134,150,153],"first":[3,151],"demonstration":[4],"of":[5,47,93,101,108,112,156],"active":[6,89],"boron":[7],"(B)":[8],"doping":[9,90],"concentration":[10,91],"$\\left(N_{A}\\right)$":[11,92],"higher":[12],"than":[13],"$2.50":[14],"\\times":[15,79,95],"10^{21}":[16,96],"\\mathrm{~cm}^{-3}$":[17,97],"in":[18],"high":[19,87],"Ge":[20,28,52,99],"content":[21],"(>":[22],"65%)":[23],"Si":[24,48],"<inf":[25,29,49,53],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[26,30,50,54],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">1-x</inf>":[27,51],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">x</inf>":[31,55],"using":[32],"In-situ":[33],"growth":[34,111],"technique":[35],"with":[36,85],"a":[37,86],"low":[38,144],"temperature":[39,139],"below":[40],"500":[41],"\u00b0C.":[42],"achieve":[44],"excellent":[45],"uniformities":[46],"thickness":[56],"and":[57,65,98],"resistivity":[58,72],"across":[59],"entire":[61],"300":[62],"mm":[63],"wafer":[64],"obtain":[66],"an":[67],"ultra-low":[68,160],"as-deposited":[69],"specific":[70],"contact":[71,135],"$\\left(\\rho_{c}\\right)$":[73],"down":[74],"to":[75,140],"$2.9":[76],"\\pm":[77],"2.8":[78],"10^{-10}":[80],"\\Omega-\\mathrm{cm}^{2}$":[81],"on":[82,119],"sample":[84],"average":[88],"$2.80":[94],"composition":[100],"65%.":[102],"further":[104],"detail":[105],"progression":[107],"selective":[110],"such":[113,159],"$\\mathrm{Si}_{1":[114],"\\cdot":[115],"x}":[116],"\\mathrm{Ge}_{x}$":[117,127],"film":[118],"advanced":[120],"3D":[121],"structures.":[122],"Using":[123],"metal":[124],"$/":[125],"\\mathrm{Si}_{1-x}":[126],"ladder":[128],"TLM":[129],"(LTLM)":[130],"structures,":[131],"we":[132],"investigate":[133],"properties":[136],"from":[137],"room":[138],"cryogenic":[141],"temperatures":[142],"as":[143,145],"$5":[146],"\\mathrm{~K}$,":[147],"disclosing":[148],"for":[149],"time":[152],"insignificant":[154],"change":[155],"$\\rho_{c}$":[157,161],"at":[158],"regimes.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
