{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385192332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185240","title":"First Observation of Ultra-high Polarization (~ 108 \u03bcC/cm\u00b2) in Nanometer Scaled High Performance Ferroelectric HZO Capacitors with Mo Electrodes","display_name":"First Observation of Ultra-high Polarization (~ 108 \u03bcC/cm\u00b2) in Nanometer Scaled High Performance Ferroelectric HZO Capacitors with Mo Electrodes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385192332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102871247","display_name":"Fei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1851-5355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107680","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale des Greffes","ror":"https://ror.org/01pcs0h38","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Eng"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Eng","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065214016","display_name":"Balreen Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0050-2775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Materials Science &#x0026; Eng,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Materials Science &#x0026; Eng,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121352","display_name":"Western Digital (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hqwnx33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121352"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Western Digital,CA,USA","Western Digital, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Digital,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Western Digital, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021761233","display_name":"Haidong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0580-0229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Physics &#x0026; Astronomy,NE,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Physics &#x0026; Astronomy,NE,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082303358","display_name":"Xiao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4199-8175"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electron Microscopy Core Facility and Mechanical &#x0026; Aerospace Eng"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electron Microscopy Core Facility and Mechanical &#x0026; Aerospace Eng","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107680","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale des Greffes","ror":"https://ror.org/01pcs0h38","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Eng"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Eng","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034442301","display_name":"Wilman Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-2052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Materials Science &#x0026; Eng,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Materials Science &#x0026; Eng,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011494045","display_name":"Alexei Gruverman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0492-2750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Gruverman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Physics &#x0026; Astronomy,NE,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Physics &#x0026; Astronomy,NE,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010314018","display_name":"Andrew C. Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3060-8928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. C. Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri,Physics &#x0026; Astronomy,Columbia,MO,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri,Physics &#x0026; Astronomy,Columbia,MO,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059975258","display_name":"H.\u2010S. Philip Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0096-1472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107680","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale des Greffes","ror":"https://ror.org/01pcs0h38","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-S. P. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Eng"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Eng","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038313734","display_name":"Paul C. McIntyre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7498-831X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801935854","display_name":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gzmn429","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I2801935854","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. McIntyre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University,Materials Science &#x0026; Eng,CA,USA","SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University,Materials Science &#x0026; Eng,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801935854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066440288","display_name":"S.S. Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4361-1744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107680","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale des Greffes","ror":"https://ror.org/01pcs0h38","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. S. Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Eng"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Eng","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107680"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.8193,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99498747,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroelectricity","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","score":0.7492759227752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6997160911560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.45824381709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallization","display_name":"Crystallization","score":0.44062840938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.43494078516960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4338427782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.42893338203430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.35281693935394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.339347243309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18532583117485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.18097269535064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.17302918434143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry","display_name":"Physical chemistry","score":0.108374685049057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.08096367120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07942244410514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06885677576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.06612393260002136}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79090758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045739","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","level":3,"score":0.7492759227752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6997160911560059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.45824381709098816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.44062840938568115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.43494078516960144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4338427782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.42893338203430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.35281693935394287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.339347243309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18532583117485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.18097269535064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.17302918434143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.108374685049057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08096367120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07942244410514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06885677576065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.06612393260002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsitechnologyandcir57934.2023.10185240","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252026737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975066220","https://openalex.org/W2361648762","https://openalex.org/W2385571654","https://openalex.org/W2751847288","https://openalex.org/W3021725558","https://openalex.org/W2371738293","https://openalex.org/W90756326","https://openalex.org/W4309673546","https://openalex.org/W1996780177","https://openalex.org/W2910697626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,22],"demonstrate,":[1],"for":[2,37],"the":[3,25,57,66,108],"first":[4],"time,":[5],"excellent":[6],"ferroelectricity,":[7],"and":[8,13,50,65,84],"endurance":[9,52],"of":[10,68,75,88,110],"4":[11],"nm-thick":[12],"$65\\mathrm{~nm}\\times":[14],"45\\mathrm{~nm}$":[15],"size":[16],"Hf0.5Zr0.5O2(HZO)":[17],"capacitors":[18],"with":[19,90],"Mo":[20],"electrodes.":[21],"show":[23],"1)":[24],"crystallization":[26],"temperature":[27],"is":[28,35,60,70],"as":[29,31],"low":[30,45],"400":[32],"\u00b0C,":[33],"which":[34],"critical":[36],"BEOL":[38],"FeRAM;":[39],"2)":[40],"benefits":[41],"from":[42],"thickness":[43],"scaling,":[44],"operation":[46],"voltage":[47],"(1.2":[48],"V)":[49],"high":[51],"(>1010cycles)":[53],"are":[54],"achieved;":[55],"3)":[56],"wake-up":[58],"effect":[59,112],"further":[61],"reduced":[62],"to":[63,101],"20%":[64],"beginning":[67],"fatigue":[69],"delayed":[71],"by":[72,77],"an":[73],"order":[74],"magnitude":[76],"adding":[78],"a":[79],"1":[80],"nm":[81],"CeO2stressor":[82],"layer;":[83],"4)":[85],"direct":[86],"measurements":[87],"ferroelectricity":[89],"ultra-high":[91],"polarization":[92],"switching":[93],"$(\\sim":[94],"108":[95],"\\mu\\mathrm{C}/\\mathrm{cm}^{2})$":[96],"in":[97,113],"devices":[98],"scaled":[99],"down":[100],"$95\\mathrm{~nm}\\times":[102],"85\\mathrm{~nm}$":[103],"size.":[104],"This":[105],"study":[106],"advances":[107],"understanding":[109],"scaling":[111],"HZO":[114],"capacitors.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
