{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184281067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492444","title":"Fully Row/Column-Parallel In-memory Computing SRAM Macro employing Capacitor-based Mixed-signal Computation with 5-b Inputs","display_name":"Fully Row/Column-Parallel In-memory Computing SRAM Macro employing Capacitor-based Mixed-signal Computation with 5-b Inputs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184281067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492444","mag":"3184281067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746133","display_name":"Jinseok Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8580-490X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinseok Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079625063","display_name":"Hossein Valavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0218-9906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Valavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014075867","display_name":"Yinqi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6667-1833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinqi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645607","display_name":"Naveen Verma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8208-5030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveen Verma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100746133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96502561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.6324473023414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column","display_name":"Column (typography)","score":0.6317948698997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6137372255325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.601779580116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-capacitor","display_name":"Switched capacitor","score":0.572421669960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5616762042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.5455079674720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5451059937477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5292869210243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vector-processor","display_name":"Vector processor","score":0.45444685220718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.45045098662376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4417327344417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43803760409355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.43447959423065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.42359495162963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4079141616821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3562587797641754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19786417484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14053195714950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10961246490478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1034860908985138}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.6324473023414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780551164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2306599","display_name":"Column (typography)","level":3,"score":0.6317948698997498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6137372255325317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.601779580116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103357873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572656","display_name":"Switched capacitor","level":4,"score":0.572421669960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5616762042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.5455079674720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5451059937477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5292869210243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161824985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919509","display_name":"Vector processor","level":2,"score":0.45444685220718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45045098662376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4417327344417572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43803760409355164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.43447959423065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.42359495162963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4079141616821289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3562587797641754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19786417484283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14053195714950562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10961246490478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1034860908985138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492444","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/vlsicircuits52068.2021.9492444","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030816003","https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W4239992647","https://openalex.org/W2150013480","https://openalex.org/W1554458299","https://openalex.org/W81423522","https://openalex.org/W1509860481","https://openalex.org/W2488264085","https://openalex.org/W2076325756","https://openalex.org/W3151633427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"in-memory":[4],"computing":[5],"(IMC)":[6],"macro":[7,44,80],"in":[8,34,40],"28nm":[9],"for":[10,31],"fully":[11],"row/column-parallel":[12],"matrix-vector":[13],"multiplication":[14],"(MVM),":[15],"exploiting":[16],"precise":[17],"capacitor-based":[18],"analog":[19],"computation":[20],"to":[21,27,102,115],"extend":[22],"from":[23],"binary":[24],"input-vector":[25,29],"elements":[26],"5-b":[28],"elements,":[30],"16x":[32],"increase":[33,39],"energy":[35,86],"efficiency":[36,87],"and":[37,68,91],"5x":[38],"throughput.":[41],"The":[42,79],"1152(row)x256(col.)":[43],"employs":[45],"multi-level":[46],"input":[47],"drivers":[48],"based":[49],"on":[50],"a":[51,74],"digital-switch":[52],"DAC":[53],"implementation,":[54],"which":[55],"preserve":[56],"compute":[57,92],"accuracy":[58,111],"well":[59],"beyond":[60],"the":[61,65,82,116],"8-b":[62],"resolution":[63],"of":[64,88,94,112,118],"output":[66],"ADCs,":[67],"whose":[69],"area":[70],"is":[71,108],"halved":[72],"via":[73],"dynamic-range":[75],"doubling":[76],"(DRD)":[77],"technique.":[78],"achieves":[81],"highest":[83],"reported":[84],"IMC":[85],"5796":[89],"TOPS/W":[90],"density":[93],"12":[95],"TOPS/mm":[96],"<sup":[97],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[98],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[99],"(both":[100],"normalized":[101],"1-b":[103],"ops).":[104],"CIFAR-10":[105],"image":[106],"classification":[107],"demonstrated":[109],"with":[110],"91%,":[113],"equal":[114],"level":[117],"ideal":[119],"SW":[120],"implementation.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}