{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412985207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025ebp3085","title":"UAV Swarm Types Identification with Micro-Doppler Signatures","display_name":"UAV Swarm Types Identification with Micro-Doppler Signatures","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412985207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025ebp3085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2025ebp3085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025ebp3085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039991872","display_name":"Z. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6756-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112320761","display_name":"Xiaoyu Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-7139"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China; Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 31018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China; Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 31018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030110303","display_name":"Bingyan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5110-4641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingyan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou,China,31018","Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 31018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University,Hangzhou,China,31018","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 31018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326552","display_name":"Sai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0032-924X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China; Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 31018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China; Space Information Research Institute, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 31018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412","https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070335867","display_name":"Bin Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9902-463X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beien Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055939585","display_name":"Yunhang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing,China,211100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039991872"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25579662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"E109-B","issue":"2","first_page":"375","last_page":"388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10040","display_name":"Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Systems","score":0.9387999773025513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8974802494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7081479430198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.6435279846191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-effect","display_name":"Doppler effect","score":0.5262488722801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33958762884140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3249845504760742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8974802494049072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7081479430198669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.6435279846191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142757262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76436","display_name":"Doppler effect","level":2,"score":0.5262488722801208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33958762884140015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3249845504760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2025ebp3085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025ebp3085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2324269152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023C01003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5419310833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62031017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022955050","https://openalex.org/W2052622394","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2402162399","https://openalex.org/W2779048393","https://openalex.org/W2903436071","https://openalex.org/W2942292355","https://openalex.org/W2944628748","https://openalex.org/W2997804345","https://openalex.org/W3019517656","https://openalex.org/W3037182878","https://openalex.org/W3048658198","https://openalex.org/W3094147817","https://openalex.org/W3119526232","https://openalex.org/W3135759753","https://openalex.org/W3157995327","https://openalex.org/W3176585657","https://openalex.org/W3183364262","https://openalex.org/W3216066124","https://openalex.org/W3216224295","https://openalex.org/W4200589011","https://openalex.org/W4205132395","https://openalex.org/W4225660138","https://openalex.org/W4229039557","https://openalex.org/W4285262189","https://openalex.org/W4295122555","https://openalex.org/W4390825059","https://openalex.org/W4392251922","https://openalex.org/W4401878798","https://openalex.org/W4404132966","https://openalex.org/W4404599563","https://openalex.org/W4407549031"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288714711","https://openalex.org/W3200708550","https://openalex.org/W2736680465","https://openalex.org/W2771637876","https://openalex.org/W4294093918","https://openalex.org/W4240853094","https://openalex.org/W2810496283","https://openalex.org/W2170656329","https://openalex.org/W3131977017","https://openalex.org/W3205823858"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,72,96,119,122,129,135,139,146,172,195,222,226],"widespread":[2],"application":[3],"of":[4,99,121,219],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicle":[7],"(UAV)":[8],"swarms":[9,114],"in":[10,118,175],"rescue":[11],"operations,":[12],"counter-terrorism,":[13],"reconnaissance":[14],"and":[15,24,43,55,66,125,192,202],"other":[16],"domains,":[17],"demand":[19],"for":[20,39,112,225],"effective":[21,41],"swarm":[22,31,52,87,100,147,163,177,229],"regulation":[23,42],"countermeasures":[25],"has":[26,47],"become":[27],"increasingly":[28],"urgent.":[29],"Accurate":[30],"types":[32,53,88,164,178,231],"identification":[33,179],"serves":[34],"as":[35,62,189],"a":[36,78,107,151,215],"fundamental":[37],"prerequisite":[38],"achieving":[40],"countermeasures.":[44],"However,":[45],"there":[46],"been":[48],"minimal":[49],"research":[50],"on":[51,90],"identification,":[54],"existing":[56],"methods":[57],"often":[58],"face":[59],"challenges":[60],"such":[61,188],"complex":[63],"feature":[64,148],"extraction":[65],"low":[67],"recognition":[68,104,185,223],"accuracy.":[69,105],"Aiming":[70],"at":[71,214],"above":[73,233],"problems,":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"method":[79,197],"utilizing":[80],"deep":[81],"learning":[82],"techniques":[83],"to":[84,102,160,181,210],"identify":[85],"UAV":[86,113,176],"based":[89],"micro-Doppler":[91,123,156],"signatures.":[92],"This":[93],"approach":[94],"leverages":[95],"unique":[97],"characteristics":[98],"micro-motions":[101],"enhance":[103],"First,":[106],"radar":[108],"echo":[109,136],"signal":[110,137],"model":[111,154],"is":[115,158],"established,":[116],"grounded":[117],"principles":[120],"effect":[124],"electromagnetic":[126],"scattering.":[127],"Next,":[128],"micromotion":[130],"features":[131,157],"are":[132],"derived":[133],"from":[134],"using":[138],"short-time":[140],"Fourier":[141],"transform":[142],"(STFT),":[143],"thereby":[144],"constructing":[145],"dataset.":[149],"Finally,":[150],"ResNet18":[152,170],"network":[153,186,200],"leveraging":[155],"developed":[159],"achieve":[161],"accurate":[162],"identification.":[165],"Simulation":[166],"results":[167],"indicate":[168],"that":[169],"achieves":[171],"best":[173],"performance":[174],"compared":[180],"widely":[182],"used":[183],"target":[184,230],"models":[187],"AlexNet,":[190],"GoogLeNet":[191],"ResNet34.":[193],"Furthermore,":[194],"proposed":[196],"requires":[198],"fewer":[199],"parameters":[201],"lower":[203],"computational":[204],"overhead,":[205],"while":[206],"exhibiting":[207],"strong":[208],"robustness":[209],"noise.":[211],"Notably,":[212],"even":[213],"signal-to-noise":[216],"ratio":[217],"(SNR)":[218],"0":[220],"dB,":[221],"accuracy":[224],"six":[227],"different":[228],"remains":[232],"90%.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}