{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413344101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025cep0004","title":"Characterization of Sub-THz-Band MIMO Spatial Multiplexing in Indoor Environments","display_name":"Characterization of Sub-THz-Band MIMO Spatial Multiplexing in Indoor Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413344101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025cep0004"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2025cep0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025cep0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033595790","display_name":"Naoki Hamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3630-5987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104234503","display_name":"Hokkaido University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqsa340","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Hamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058947969","display_name":"Toshihiko Nishimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-2483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104234503","display_name":"Hokkaido University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqsa340","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshihiko Nishimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102847414","display_name":"Yasutaka Ogawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104234503","display_name":"Hokkaido University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqsa340","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasutaka Ogawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085160359","display_name":"Satoshi SUYAMA","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2714-5766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Suyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT DOCOMO, INC,Yokosuka-shi,Japan,239-8536","NTT DOCOMO, INC., Yokosuka-shi, 239-8536 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT DOCOMO, INC,Yokosuka-shi,Japan,239-8536","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT DOCOMO, INC., Yokosuka-shi, 239-8536 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064930134","display_name":"Takeo Ohgane","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104234503","display_name":"Hokkaido University of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqsa340","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205349734","display_name":"Hokkaido University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e16g702","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205349734"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeo Ohgane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hokkaido University,Graduate School/Faculty of Information Science and Technology,Sapporo-shi,Japan,060-0814","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo-shi, 060-0814 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205349734","https://openalex.org/I104234503"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17378261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"E109-B","issue":"2","first_page":"199","last_page":"212"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8627961874008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.7920724749565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.649196445941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.6400610208511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.549310564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5018091201782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42846623063087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.36457139253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3325159251689911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2908004820346832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17041900753974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11240020394325256}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8627961874008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.7920724749565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.649196445941925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.6400610208511353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.549310564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5018091201782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42846623063087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.36457139253616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3325159251689911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2908004820346832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17041900753974915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11240020394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2025cep0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2025cep0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025239025","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2463747392","https://openalex.org/W2567050201","https://openalex.org/W2955897898","https://openalex.org/W2963595641","https://openalex.org/W3011067038","https://openalex.org/W3122155330","https://openalex.org/W3135884249","https://openalex.org/W3147714662","https://openalex.org/W3159296164","https://openalex.org/W4226191421","https://openalex.org/W4226248520","https://openalex.org/W4226266833","https://openalex.org/W4312576972","https://openalex.org/W4377236031","https://openalex.org/W4378842606","https://openalex.org/W4389403388","https://openalex.org/W4390075339","https://openalex.org/W4391965155","https://openalex.org/W4400770995"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972125288","https://openalex.org/W4237321995","https://openalex.org/W2159343473","https://openalex.org/W2486733753","https://openalex.org/W2950721519","https://openalex.org/W2606846467","https://openalex.org/W4312452255","https://openalex.org/W2036873880","https://openalex.org/W1030714881","https://openalex.org/W2357330935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,44],"sixth-generation":[1],"mobile":[2],"communications,":[3],"considerations":[4],"are":[5,154,223],"being":[6],"given":[7],"to":[8,14,28,39,196,210,215,229],"using":[9],"the":[10,63,95,104,108,114,121,136,139,148,152,170,180,191,197,200,203,220,225],"sub-Terahertz":[11],"(sub-THz)":[12],"band":[13,123],"achieve":[15],"high-data-rate":[16],"communications":[17],"exceeding":[18],"100":[19],"Gbps.":[20],"To":[21,78],"realize":[22],"such":[23],"transmission,":[24],"it":[25],"is":[26,142,183,194,227],"crucial":[27],"employ":[29],"spatial":[30,75,118,140,175,235,255],"multiplexing":[31,76,119,141,236,256],"through":[32,124],"a":[33,50,100,166,238,253],"hybrid":[34,64],"MIMO":[35,65,74,117,174,234],"system":[36],"in":[37,56,92,120],"addition":[38],"leveraging":[40],"its":[41],"wide":[42],"bandwidth.":[43],"this":[45,57,246],"paper,":[46],"after":[47],"we":[48,54,59,81],"state":[49],"channel":[51,109,159,240],"model":[52],"that":[53,135,146,158,249],"used":[55],"study,":[58],"describe":[60],"details":[61],"about":[62,184,230],"system.":[66],"Channel":[67],"estimation":[68,160],"error":[69],"caused":[70,162],"by":[71,163],"noise":[72,101,164],"degrades":[73],"performance.":[77],"reduce":[79],"noise,":[80],"introduced":[82],"two":[83,221],"countermeasures.":[84],"The":[85,132,177],"first":[86],"method":[87],"combines":[88],"plural":[89],"pilot":[90],"signals":[91],"phase,":[93],"and":[94,129,157,205,233],"second":[96],"one":[97],"forcibly":[98],"replaces":[99],"portion":[102],"of":[103,107,116,138,147,173,202],"impulse":[105],"response":[106],"with":[110],"zero.":[111],"We":[112],"evaluate":[113],"characteristics":[115,172],"sub-THz":[122],"computer":[125],"simulations,":[126],"assuming":[127],"office":[128,259],"factory":[130,250],"environments.":[131,260],"results":[133],"indicate":[134],"performance":[137],"much":[143],"better":[144],"than":[145,242,258],"single-layer":[149,243],"case":[150,182],"when":[151,219],"channels":[153],"perfectly":[155],"estimated,":[156],"errors":[161],"have":[165],"notable":[167],"impact":[168],"on":[169,190],"transmission":[171],"multiplexing.":[176],"degradation":[178,226],"from":[179],"ideal":[181],"15":[185],"bps/Hz":[186],"or":[187],"more":[188],"depending":[189],"environment.":[192],"This":[193],"due":[195],"discrepancy":[198],"between":[199],"eigenvalues":[201],"actual":[204],"estimated":[206],"channels,":[207],"which":[208],"leads":[209],"an":[211],"inadequate":[212],"power":[213],"allocation":[214],"each":[216],"layer.":[217],"However,":[218],"countermeasures":[222],"implemented,":[224],"reduced":[228],"3":[231],"bps/Hz,":[232],"achieves":[237],"higher":[239],"capacity":[241],"transmission.":[244],"Additionally,":[245],"study":[247],"reveals":[248],"environments":[251],"exhibit":[252],"greater":[254],"effect":[257]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}