{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396909776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","title":"Cascaded Deep Neural Network for Off-Grid Direction-of-Arrival Estimation","display_name":"Cascaded Deep Neural Network for Off-Grid Direction-of-Arrival Estimation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396909776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10530534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10530534.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011073256","display_name":"Huafei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huafei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947449","display_name":"Xianpeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7476-6656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianpeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiang Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090510008","display_name":"Ting Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9162-7690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University,State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea,China,570228","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, 570228 China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75694829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"E107-B","issue":"10","first_page":"633","last_page":"644"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9040788412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6180624961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.6005773544311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5633875727653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.4900473356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.4514443576335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.441854327917099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.41203057765960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40348494052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3958391547203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35468143224716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.12224644422531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.0793275535106659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.0746505856513977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9040788412094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6180624961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.6005773544311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5633875727653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4900473356246948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4514443576335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.441854327917099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.41203057765960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40348494052886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3958391547203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35468143224716187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.12224644422531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0793275535106659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0746505856513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10530534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2024ebp3006","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10530534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2488516488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101088","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6075910857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23-ZZCX-JDZ-45","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","funder_display_name":"National University of Defense Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324150","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396909776.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1952629836","https://openalex.org/W2028823365","https://openalex.org/W2103519107","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2116414176","https://openalex.org/W2118693125","https://openalex.org/W2123930706","https://openalex.org/W2126023613","https://openalex.org/W2128131274","https://openalex.org/W2133421338","https://openalex.org/W2136172079","https://openalex.org/W2136274821","https://openalex.org/W2152231009","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2513373031","https://openalex.org/W2528695050","https://openalex.org/W2897361856","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2978977033","https://openalex.org/W3016139178","https://openalex.org/W3017927858","https://openalex.org/W3046964793","https://openalex.org/W3104690928","https://openalex.org/W3116555084","https://openalex.org/W3154017625","https://openalex.org/W3170361094","https://openalex.org/W3215357490","https://openalex.org/W4210704156","https://openalex.org/W4211222620","https://openalex.org/W4243003642","https://openalex.org/W4244779849","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W4285183849","https://openalex.org/W4293193223","https://openalex.org/W4376849763","https://openalex.org/W4379654103","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638667902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2561510652","https://openalex.org/W2539149779","https://openalex.org/W2547259523","https://openalex.org/W2143460307","https://openalex.org/W3150350962","https://openalex.org/W2588605579","https://openalex.org/W2895890781","https://openalex.org/W1951013195","https://openalex.org/W2161938105","https://openalex.org/W2018469840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Using":[0],"deep":[1,45,80],"learning":[2],"(DL)":[3],"to":[4,55,100,111],"achieve":[5,18,101],"direction-of-arrival":[6],"(DOA)":[7],"estimation":[8,20,59,104],"is":[9,67,96],"an":[10,70],"open":[11],"and":[12,78,124,128],"meaningful":[13],"exploration.":[14],"Existing":[15],"DL-based":[16],"methods":[17],"DOA":[19,58,103],"by":[21,73,135],"spectrum":[22],"regression":[23],"or":[24],"multilabel":[25],"classification":[26],"task.":[27],"While,":[28],"both":[29],"of":[30,35,63,69,122,130],"them":[31],"face":[32],"the":[33,61,90,93,112,116,131],"problem":[34],"off-grid":[36,52,94,102],"errors.":[37],"In":[38,89],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"proposed":[42,91],"a":[43,79],"cascaded":[44],"neural":[46,82],"network":[47,53,83],"(DNN)":[48],"framework":[49],"named":[50],"as":[51],"(OGNet)":[54],"provide":[56],"accurate":[57],"in":[60,120,139],"case":[62],"off-grid.":[64],"The":[65,126],"OGNet":[66,117,132],"composed":[68],"autoencoder":[71],"consisted":[72],"fully":[74],"connected":[75],"(FC)":[76],"layers":[77],"convolutional":[81,87],"(CNN)":[84],"with":[85],"2-dimensional":[86],"layers.":[88],"OGNet,":[92],"error":[95],"modeled":[97],"into":[98],"labels":[99],"based":[105],"on":[106],"its":[107],"sparsity.":[108],"As":[109],"compared":[110],"state-of-the-art":[113],"grid-based":[114],"methods,":[115],"shows":[118],"advantages":[119],"terms":[121],"precision":[123],"resolution.":[125],"effectiveness":[127],"superiority":[129],"are":[133],"demonstrated":[134],"extensive":[136],"simulation":[137],"experiments":[138],"different":[140],"experimental":[141],"conditions.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T06:51:31.235846","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}