{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392904790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","title":"A Distributed Efficient Blockchain Oracle Scheme for Internet of Things","display_name":"A Distributed Efficient Blockchain Oracle Scheme for Internet of Things","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392904790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10475138.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10475138.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102835789","display_name":"Youquan Xian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2704-7094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youquan Xian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101319203","display_name":"Lianghaojie Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8529-930X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianghaojie Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102837154","display_name":"Jianyong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2058-415X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianyong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047070874","display_name":"Boyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5193-1288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112150096","display_name":"Hao Huo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390553","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University,Guangxi,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Education Blockchain and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guangxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.722,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98378123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"E107-B","issue":"9","first_page":"573","last_page":"582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9858999848365784,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9467778205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9302167892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oracle","display_name":"Oracle","score":0.7216351628303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.700179934501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.6986803412437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.5524267554283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.45921775698661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44212812185287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43313995003700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40744394063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2550365924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.09702920913696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.09671509265899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.07495972514152527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9467778205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9302167892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.7216351628303528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.700179934501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6986803412437439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.5524267554283142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.45921775698661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44212812185287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43313995003700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40744394063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2550365924835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.09702920913696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.09671509265899658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.07495972514152527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10475138.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/transcom.2023ebp3156","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10400553/10400554/10475138.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2493627025","display_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","issn_l":"0916-8516","issn":["0916-8516","1745-1345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800604","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800604"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEICE Transactions on Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G500372149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5220488102","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62166004,U21A20474","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6269855965","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62166004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392904790.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392904790.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1662601665","https://openalex.org/W1982682305","https://openalex.org/W2107327457","https://openalex.org/W2533941064","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2801811971","https://openalex.org/W2886562467","https://openalex.org/W2920936349","https://openalex.org/W2956871907","https://openalex.org/W2972152617","https://openalex.org/W3003725750","https://openalex.org/W3011082615","https://openalex.org/W3011638483","https://openalex.org/W3017089210","https://openalex.org/W3021581127","https://openalex.org/W3093915080","https://openalex.org/W3094641716","https://openalex.org/W3100048002","https://openalex.org/W3108644808","https://openalex.org/W3135442746","https://openalex.org/W3205990604","https://openalex.org/W4210288541","https://openalex.org/W4211218864","https://openalex.org/W4285300497","https://openalex.org/W4306873660","https://openalex.org/W4307392280","https://openalex.org/W4311776025","https://openalex.org/W4316661130","https://openalex.org/W4386127789","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6712237015","https://openalex.org/W6743710834","https://openalex.org/W6751596620","https://openalex.org/W6785447746","https://openalex.org/W7057649562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"blockchain":[3,23],"has":[4,26,165],"been":[5,166],"widely":[6],"applied":[7],"in":[8,37],"the":[9,32,38,44,56,67,73,92,125,133,142,171,177,180],"Internet":[10],"of":[11,48,72,97,127,176],"Things":[12],"(IoT).":[13],"Blockchain":[14],"oracle,":[15],"as":[16],"a":[17,84,105],"bridge":[18],"for":[19,51,91,153],"data":[20,49,60,148],"communication":[21],"between":[22,59,145],"and":[24,34,46,62,69,86,117,147,173],"off-chain,":[25],"also":[27],"received":[28],"significant":[29],"attention.":[30],"However,":[31],"numerous":[33],"heterogeneous":[35],"devices":[36,116,119],"IoT":[39,128],"pose":[40],"great":[41],"challenges":[42],"to":[43,120,155,168,188],"efficiency":[45,68,172],"security":[47],"acquisition":[50,96],"oracles.":[52],"We":[53],"find":[54],"that":[55,109],"matching":[57,143],"relationship":[58,144],"sources":[61],"oracle":[63,75,88,107],"nodes":[64,146,152],"greatly":[65],"affects":[66],"service":[70,174],"quality":[71,175],"entire":[74],"system.":[76],"To":[77],"address":[78],"these":[79],"issues,":[80],"this":[81],"paper":[82],"proposes":[83],"distributed":[85,106],"efficient":[87],"solution":[89,164],"tailored":[90],"IoT,":[93],"enabling":[94],"fast":[95],"real-time":[98],"off-chain":[99],"data.":[100],"Specifically,":[101],"we":[102,140],"first":[103],"design":[104],"architecture":[108],"combines":[110],"both":[111],"Trusted":[112],"Execution":[113],"Environment":[114],"(TEE)":[115],"ordinary":[118],"improve":[121,170],"system":[122,157],"scalability,":[123],"considering":[124],"heterogeneity":[126],"devices.":[129],"Secondly,":[130],"based":[131],"on":[132],"trusted":[134],"node":[135],"information":[136],"provided":[137],"by":[138,184],"TEE,":[139],"determine":[141],"sources,":[149],"assigning":[150],"appropriate":[151],"tasks":[154],"enhance":[156],"efficiency.":[158],"Through":[159],"simulation":[160],"experiments,":[161],"our":[162],"proposed":[163],"shown":[167],"effectively":[169],"system,":[178],"reducing":[179],"average":[181],"response":[182],"time":[183],"approximately":[185],"9.92%":[186],"compared":[187],"conventional":[189],"approaches.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}