{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412830351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11097003","title":"On the Role of Forward-Confirmed Reverse DNS in E-Mail Authentication","display_name":"On the Role of Forward-Confirmed Reverse DNS in E-Mail Authentication","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412830351","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11097003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma66427.2025.11097003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11097003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/8829563e-a48f-4329-8ebd-01ade2e6b6a0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037301790","display_name":"Alfred Arouna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-6883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153474","display_name":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtarr15","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Arouna","raw_affiliation_strings":["SimulaMet & OsloMet"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SimulaMet & OsloMet","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119153860","display_name":"Rick Fontein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rick Fontein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024935470","display_name":"Bernd Meijerink","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0861-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Meijerink","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004642248","display_name":"Ioana Livadariu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-6934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153474","display_name":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtarr15","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioana Livadariu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SimulaMet"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SimulaMet","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043382340","display_name":"Mattijs Jonker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-9140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattijs Jonker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Twente"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Twente","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037301790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31874774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6942947506904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/email-authentication","display_name":"Email authentication","score":0.6244827508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5859817862510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5131483674049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.47210565209388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4425329864025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.2851576805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.20444437861442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","score":0.1419391632080078}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6942947506904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550791530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368811","display_name":"Email authentication","level":5,"score":0.6244827508926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5859817862510681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5131483674049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.47210565209388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4425329864025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.2851576805114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.20444437861442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194699767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878662","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","level":4,"score":0.1419391632080078}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma66427.2025.11097003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11097003","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/8829563e-a48f-4329-8ebd-01ade2e6b6a0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/8829563e-a48f-4329-8ebd-01ade2e6b6a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arouna, A, Fontein, R L H, Meijerink, B, Livadariu, I & Jonker, M 2025, On the Role of Forward-Confirmed reverse DNS in E-mail Authentication. in Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference 2025 (TMA'2025). Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), vol. 2025, IEEE, 9th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference, TMA 2025, Copenhagen, Denmark, 10/06/25. https://doi.org/10.23919/TMA66427.2025.11097003","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/8829563e-a48f-4329-8ebd-01ade2e6b6a0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/8829563e-a48f-4329-8ebd-01ade2e6b6a0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Arouna, A, Fontein, R L H, Meijerink, B, Livadariu, I & Jonker, M 2025, On the Role of Forward-Confirmed reverse DNS in E-mail Authentication. in Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference 2025 (TMA'2025). Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA), vol. 2025, IEEE, 9th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference, TMA 2025, Copenhagen, Denmark, 10/06/25. https://doi.org/10.23919/TMA66427.2025.11097003","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1619613999","https://openalex.org/W1774758602","https://openalex.org/W1824550464","https://openalex.org/W1938183405","https://openalex.org/W1996430944","https://openalex.org/W2021327598","https://openalex.org/W2141085304","https://openalex.org/W2240246332","https://openalex.org/W2290364176","https://openalex.org/W2291531368","https://openalex.org/W2344804892","https://openalex.org/W2531590926","https://openalex.org/W2734941459","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2917112630","https://openalex.org/W3136956311","https://openalex.org/W3208474794","https://openalex.org/W4205200683","https://openalex.org/W4206688049","https://openalex.org/W4210467114","https://openalex.org/W4212791305","https://openalex.org/W4256062214","https://openalex.org/W4324010425","https://openalex.org/W4385412234","https://openalex.org/W4387880895","https://openalex.org/W6688431530","https://openalex.org/W6754619400","https://openalex.org/W6776564092","https://openalex.org/W6902664903","https://openalex.org/W6964854003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912135041","https://openalex.org/W2034419863","https://openalex.org/W2166668397","https://openalex.org/W3205434230","https://openalex.org/W2391481420","https://openalex.org/W2116285675","https://openalex.org/W2391619458","https://openalex.org/W1533309011","https://openalex.org/W3202196563","https://openalex.org/W2127227843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forward-confirmed":[0],"reverse":[1],"DNS":[2],"(FCrDNS)":[3],"(also":[4],"known":[5],"as":[6,9,32],"iprev),":[7],"considered":[8],"client":[10],"authenticity":[11],"validation,":[12],"is":[13],"an":[14,45],"early":[15],"anti-spam":[16],"effort":[17],"to":[18,63],"thwart":[19],"spammers.":[20],"Over":[21],"time,":[22],"anti-forgery":[23],"techniques":[24],"evolved":[25],"with":[26,84,98],"the":[27,33,53,78,95,125,131],"advent":[28],"of":[29,55,94,124],"standards":[30],"such":[31],"Sender":[34],"Policy":[35],"Framework":[36],"(SPF).":[37],"SPF":[38,68,126,132],"includes":[39],"a":[40],"ptr":[41,69,127],"mechanism":[42],"that":[43,92,104,117],"encompasses":[44],"FCrDNS":[46,56,85],"check.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"characterize":[52],"deployment":[54],"on":[57,77],"prospective":[58,96],"senders":[59,97],"in":[60],"practice,":[61],"study":[62],"which":[64],"extent":[65],"iprev":[66,111],"and":[67,81,103],"checks":[70],"are":[71,101],"performed":[72],"by":[73],"large":[74,107,118],"email":[75,87,114,119],"providers":[76,108,120],"receiving":[79],"side,":[80],"how":[82],"(non)compliance":[83],"affects":[86],"delivery.":[88],"Our":[89,113],"results":[90],"show":[91,116],"two-thirds":[93],"PTR":[99],"record":[100],"FCrDNS-configured":[102],"not":[105],"all":[106],"strictly":[109],"require":[110],"authentication.":[112],"campaigns":[115],"exhibit":[121],"different":[122],"treatments":[123],"mechanism,":[128],"possibly":[129],"because":[130],"standard":[133],"lacks":[134],"clarity.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}