{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412830332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11096998","title":"Characterizing the Trust Dilemma: Comparing Web Security of Malicious and Benign Domains","display_name":"Characterizing the Trust Dilemma: Comparing Web Security of Malicious and Benign Domains","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412830332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11096998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma66427.2025.11096998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11096998","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106930161","display_name":"Rebecka Lindkvist","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rebecka Lindkvist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112616286","display_name":"L.\u2010G. Petersson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linn Petersson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089927983","display_name":"Carl Magnus Bruhner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9031-6600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl Magnus Bruhner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036788226","display_name":"David Hasselquist","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Hasselquist","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106082330","display_name":"Martin Arlitt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156008","display_name":"HealthInsight","ror":"https://ror.org/05cewnq61","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156008"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Arlitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corelight,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corelight,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077044865","display_name":"Niklas Carlsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niklas Carlsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Link&#x00F6;ping University,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106930161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4958,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93609739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7181187868118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilemma","display_name":"Dilemma","score":0.6682153940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-dilemma","display_name":"Security dilemma","score":0.574755847454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5681324601173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application-security","display_name":"Web application security","score":0.5501145720481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.47184136509895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.40053844451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-service","display_name":"Web service","score":0.2409917116165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.19506090879440308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7181187868118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.6682153940200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1543816","display_name":"Security dilemma","level":3,"score":0.574755847454071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5681324601173401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59241245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Web application security","level":4,"score":0.5501145720481873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.47184136509895325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.40053844451904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.2409917116165161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.19506090879440308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma66427.2025.11096998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma66427.2025.11096998","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 9th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911851747","https://openalex.org/W2042923641","https://openalex.org/W2054426341","https://openalex.org/W2104899073","https://openalex.org/W2130867912","https://openalex.org/W2151269705","https://openalex.org/W2163005041","https://openalex.org/W2189153846","https://openalex.org/W2339535537","https://openalex.org/W2395368405","https://openalex.org/W2527997842","https://openalex.org/W2536707834","https://openalex.org/W2539781755","https://openalex.org/W2556675027","https://openalex.org/W2734446301","https://openalex.org/W2806944993","https://openalex.org/W2904027722","https://openalex.org/W2941484091","https://openalex.org/W2962940036","https://openalex.org/W3003545752","https://openalex.org/W3031781733","https://openalex.org/W3044183949","https://openalex.org/W3094103052","https://openalex.org/W3097435565","https://openalex.org/W3110256582","https://openalex.org/W3158179932","https://openalex.org/W3172154247","https://openalex.org/W4205998570","https://openalex.org/W4256571961","https://openalex.org/W4281386666","https://openalex.org/W4283656462","https://openalex.org/W4307020316","https://openalex.org/W4323061048","https://openalex.org/W4385218828","https://openalex.org/W4385625023","https://openalex.org/W4387322715","https://openalex.org/W4393372875","https://openalex.org/W4401609400","https://openalex.org/W6639887087","https://openalex.org/W6720167844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388835557","https://openalex.org/W2366631176","https://openalex.org/W4317178495","https://openalex.org/W2368256804","https://openalex.org/W2898927220","https://openalex.org/W2471800291","https://openalex.org/W1995445082","https://openalex.org/W2802948878","https://openalex.org/W4230800277","https://openalex.org/W4238005926"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"much":[1],"measurement":[2],"research":[3],"has":[4],"highlighted":[5],"the":[6,15,25,57,118,177],"increased":[7],"adoption":[8],"of":[9,17,28,43,50,60,63,106,120,161],"HTTPS":[10],"and":[11,34,70,82,111,137,142,196],"better":[12],"security":[13,26,151,162,171],"practices,":[14],"trustworthiness":[16],"a":[18,40,91,103,158],"domain":[19,78,87,185],"is":[20],"not":[21],"solely":[22],"determined":[23],"by":[24],"properties":[27],"its":[29],"end-to-end":[30],"connections.":[31],"To":[32],"separate":[33],"highlight":[35],"this":[36],"distinction,":[37],"we":[38,89,114],"present":[39,90],"comprehensive":[41],"analysis":[42,105],"secure":[44,123,182],"communication":[45],"practices":[46],"across":[47],"different":[48,121],"categories":[49],"web":[51],"domains,":[52],"placing":[53],"particular":[54],"focus":[55],"on":[56,95],"direct":[58],"comparison":[59],"four":[61],"classes":[62],"\u201cmalicious\u201d":[64],"domains":[65,73,136,144,148,156,166],"(fake":[66],"news,":[67],"spam,":[68],"phishing,":[69],"malware)":[71],"with":[72],"selected":[74],"along":[75],"three":[76],"dimensions:":[77],"popularity,":[79],"service":[80],"type,":[81],"geographical":[83],"registration.":[84],"For":[85],"each":[86],"class,":[88],"high-level":[92],"characterization,":[93],"focusing":[94],"fundamental":[96],"aspects":[97],"that":[98,139],"influence":[99],"connection":[100],"security.":[101,199],"Through":[102],"comparative":[104],"default":[107],"protocols,":[108],"cipher":[109],"suites,":[110],"vulnerability":[112],"susceptibility,":[113],"illuminate":[115],"disparities":[116],"in":[117,130,149],"implementation":[119],"domains'":[122],"communications.":[124],"Our":[125],"findings":[126,175],"showcase":[127],"several":[128],"shortcomings":[129],"safety":[131],"standards":[132],"among":[133],"many":[134],"\u201cbenign\u201d":[135],"show":[138],"fake":[140],"news":[141],"malware":[143],"often":[145],"resemble":[146],"benign":[147],"their":[150],"practices.":[152],"In":[153],"contrast,":[154],"phishing":[155],"exhibit":[157],"higher":[159],"level":[160],"awareness,":[163],"while":[164],"spam":[165],"tend":[167],"to":[168,180,191],"employ":[169],"weaker":[170],"measures.":[172],"Overall,":[173],"our":[174],"underscore":[176],"critical":[178],"need":[179],"disentangle":[181],"connections":[183],"from":[184],"trustworthiness,":[186],"advocating":[187],"for":[188],"clearer":[189],"distinctions":[190],"help":[192],"safeguard":[193],"Internet":[194,198],"users":[195],"enhance":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
