{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385624949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199069","title":"Your Code is 0000: An Analysis of the Disposable Phone Numbers Ecosystem","display_name":"Your Code is 0000: An Analysis of the Disposable Phone Numbers Ecosystem","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385624949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010599198","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel Moreno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0849-204X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Miguel Moreno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079790457","display_name":"Srdjan Matic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-3970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162154","display_name":"IMDEA Software Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04xvfkh51","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srdjan Matic","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Software Institute,Madrid,Spain","IMDEA Software Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Software Institute,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Software Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162154"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016569835","display_name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute,Legan&#x00E9;s,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute,Legan&#x00E9;s,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070199150","display_name":"Juan Tapiador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-3967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Tapiador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Carlos III de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4314,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67173843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6724268198013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6505654454231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.6440209150314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.585634708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5577598810195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5184847712516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-message-service","display_name":"Short Message Service","score":0.5126304030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5111702084541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.4315158724784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.36219337582588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.34577202796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1847492754459381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.08106258511543274}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6724268198013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6505654454231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.6440209150314331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.585634708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5577598810195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5184847712516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74558129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43024","display_name":"Short Message Service","level":2,"score":0.5126304030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5111702084541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.4315158724784851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.36219337582588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.34577202796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1847492754459381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.08106258511543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199069","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1330995509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-111429RB-C21,PID2019-111429RB-C22","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308798","funder_display_name":"Albert Ellis Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7169397833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PRE2020-094224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8695128545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307254","display_name":"Esperantic Studies Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03epg4e71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308798","display_name":"Albert Ellis Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0027wxf59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321595","display_name":"Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Enfermedades Raras","ror":"https://ror.org/0348bpk17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322930","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/034900433"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W417364168","https://openalex.org/W2145349611","https://openalex.org/W2163949443","https://openalex.org/W2508482518","https://openalex.org/W2680793898","https://openalex.org/W2904027722","https://openalex.org/W2905568113","https://openalex.org/W2929264149","https://openalex.org/W2962940036","https://openalex.org/W3135988818","https://openalex.org/W4309694687","https://openalex.org/W6757369734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799889363","https://openalex.org/W2370205415","https://openalex.org/W2065457896","https://openalex.org/W3173234801","https://openalex.org/W4387493491","https://openalex.org/W2904225411","https://openalex.org/W2167984027","https://openalex.org/W4388331409","https://openalex.org/W3021302227","https://openalex.org/W4387799680"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Short":[0],"Message":[1],"Service":[2],"(SMS)":[3],"is":[4,168],"a":[5,20,78,102,129],"popular":[6,151],"channel":[7],"for":[8,61,157,171],"online":[9,53,183],"service":[10],"providers":[11],"to":[12,19,40,47,65,147],"verify":[13],"accounts":[14],"and":[15,64,80,115,123,134,141,175,182],"authenticate":[16],"users":[17,46],"registered":[18,159],"particular":[21],"service.":[22],"Specialized":[23],"applications,":[24],"called":[25],"Public":[26],"SMS":[27,42,156],"Gateways":[28],"(PSGs),":[29],"offer":[30,121],"free":[31],"Disposable":[32],"Phone":[33],"Numbers":[34],"(DPNs)":[35],"that":[36,120,131,154,164],"can":[37,57],"be":[38,59],"used":[39],"receive":[41],"messages.":[43],"DPNs":[44,91,122],"allow":[45],"protect":[48],"their":[49,124],"privacy":[50],"when":[51],"creating":[52,158],"accounts.":[54,160],"However,":[55],"they":[56],"also":[58],"abused":[60,170],"fraudulent":[62,172],"activities":[63],"bypass":[66],"security":[67],"mechanisms":[68],"like":[69],"Two-Factor":[70],"Authentication":[71],"(2FA).":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"paper,":[75],"we":[76,108,127],"perform":[77],"large-scale":[79],"longitudinal":[81],"study":[82,116],"of":[83,98,104,112,138],"the":[84,96,113,117,136,165],"DPN":[85,166],"ecosystem":[86,114,167],"by":[87],"monitoring":[88],"17,141":[89],"unique":[90],"in":[92],"29":[93],"PSGs":[94],"over":[95,105],"course":[97],"12":[99],"months.":[100],"Using":[101],"dataset":[103],"70M":[106],"messages,":[107],"provide":[109],"an":[110,139],"overview":[111],"different":[118],"services":[119,153],"relationships.":[125],"Next,":[126],"build":[128],"framework":[130],"(i)":[132],"identifies":[133],"classifies":[135],"purpose":[137],"SMS;":[140],"(ii)":[142],"accurately":[143],"attributes":[144],"every":[145],"message":[146],"more":[148],"than":[149],"200":[150],"Internet":[152,180],"require":[155],"Our":[161],"results":[162],"suggest":[163],"globally":[169],"account":[173],"creation":[174],"access,":[176],"affecting":[177],"all":[178],"major":[179],"platforms":[181],"services.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
