{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385624909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199052","title":"Encrypted traffic classification: the QUIC case","display_name":"Encrypted traffic classification: the QUIC case","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385624909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199052","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052303277","display_name":"Jan Luxemburk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-0054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Luxemburk","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIT CTU,Prague,Czech Republic","FIT CTU, Prague, Czech Republic","CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIT CTU,Prague,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIT CTU, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088718699","display_name":"Karel Hynek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karel Hynek","raw_affiliation_strings":["FIT CTU,Prague,Czech Republic","CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic","FIT CTU, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIT CTU,Prague,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FIT CTU, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062180857","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cejka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-9511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54634078","display_name":"CESNET, z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob","ror":"https://ror.org/050dkka69","country_code":"CZ","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 \u010cejka","raw_affiliation_strings":["CESNET,Prague,Czech Republic","CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESNET,Prague,Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CESNET, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54634078"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8551,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9610224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7630400657653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6003586053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5507272481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4767742455005646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.46014153957366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4592999219894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4589453935623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44390904903411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.43555542826652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3586706519126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32900547981262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.19659563899040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08069708943367004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7630400657653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6003586053848267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5507272481918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4767742455005646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.46014153957366943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4592999219894409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4589453935623169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44390904903411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.43555542826652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3586706519126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32900547981262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.19659563899040222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08069708943367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma58422.2023.10199052","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 7th Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2276189206","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGS23/207/OHK3/3T/18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","funder_display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5611503438","display_name":"Flow-based Encrypted Traffic Analysis","funder_award_id":"VJ02010024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","funder_display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311333","display_name":"Ministerstvo Vnitra \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","ror":"https://ror.org/05w1nn565"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2469987047","https://openalex.org/W2545990795","https://openalex.org/W2556588907","https://openalex.org/W2891570868","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2981318525","https://openalex.org/W2986494052","https://openalex.org/W2996980851","https://openalex.org/W3092903531","https://openalex.org/W3094487866","https://openalex.org/W3103054415","https://openalex.org/W3121886859","https://openalex.org/W3131764296","https://openalex.org/W3208904656","https://openalex.org/W4281622875","https://openalex.org/W4309779554","https://openalex.org/W4313837379","https://openalex.org/W4321487091","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6757578793"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2380820513","https://openalex.org/W2913146933","https://openalex.org/W2372385138","https://openalex.org/W4296359239","https://openalex.org/W2179036394","https://openalex.org/W4206905835","https://openalex.org/W2613715541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,99],"QUIC":[1,23,43,68,114],"protocol":[2,10],"is":[3,12],"a":[4,35,59,89,133],"new":[5,110],"reliable":[6],"and":[7,28,80,84,107,124,137],"secure":[8],"transport":[9],"that":[11,51],"an":[13],"alternative":[14],"to":[15,21,63,104,131],"TLS":[16],"over":[17],"TCP.":[18],"However,":[19],"compared":[20],"TLS,":[22],"obfuscates":[24],"the":[25,29,65,109,118,122,139,143],"connection":[26],"hand-shake":[27],"server":[30],"name":[31],"indication":[32],"domain,":[33],"making":[34],"simple":[36],"inspection":[37],"more":[38],"challenging.":[39],"classification":[41],"of":[42,52,67,121,135,145],"traffic":[44,69],"has":[45],"also":[46],"received":[47],"less":[48],"attention":[49],"than":[50],"TLS.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57],"present":[58],"comprehensive":[60],"study":[61],"aiming":[62],"explore":[64],"challenges":[66],"classification.":[70,116],"We":[71],"selected":[72],"three":[73],"models:":[74],"1)":[75],"multi-modal":[76],"CNN,":[77],"2)":[78],"LighGBM,":[79],"3)":[81],"IP-based":[82],"classifier,":[83],"evaluated":[85],"their":[86],"properties":[87],"using":[88],"large":[90],"one-month":[91],"CESNET-QUIC22":[92],"dataset":[93,123],"with":[94],"102":[95],"web":[96],"service":[97,115],"labels.":[98],"developed":[100],"classifiers":[101],"reached":[102],"up":[103],"88%":[105],"accuracy":[106],"set":[108],"baseline":[111],"in":[112,142],"fine-grained":[113],"Moreover,":[117],"real":[119],"nature":[120],"its":[125],"long":[126],"time":[127],"span":[128],"allowed":[129],"us":[130],"collect":[132],"number":[134],"insights":[136],"measure":[138],"classifiers'":[140],"performance":[141],"presence":[144],"data":[146],"drift.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
