{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964146404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma.2019.8784509","title":"Geo-locating BGP prefixes","display_name":"Geo-locating BGP prefixes","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964146404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma.2019.8784509","mag":"2964146404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma.2019.8784509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma.2019.8784509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042846158","display_name":"Philipp Winter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-2997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Winter","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIDA, UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIDA, UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056804154","display_name":"Ramakrishna Padmanabhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0642-1537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishna Padmanabhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIDA, UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIDA, UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075670573","display_name":"Alistair King","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alistair King","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIDA, UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIDA, UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040042401","display_name":"Alberto Dainotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6444-5656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Dainotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["CAIDA, UC San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CAIDA, UC San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042846158"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7074,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73160793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefix","display_name":"Prefix","score":0.9731714725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7250995635986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5346865653991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4647267162799835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.45924049615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.41482314467430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.26470309495925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.20475539565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16206184029579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08793127536773682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141603448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134830","display_name":"Prefix","level":2,"score":0.9731714725494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7250995635986328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5346865653991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4647267162799835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.45924049615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41482314467430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.26470309495925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20475539565086365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16206184029579163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08793127536773682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/tma.2019.8784509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/tma.2019.8784509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis Conference (TMA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51115498","https://openalex.org/W1536198084","https://openalex.org/W2068593619","https://openalex.org/W2072334238","https://openalex.org/W2115819049","https://openalex.org/W2130850880","https://openalex.org/W2399121719","https://openalex.org/W2556714538","https://openalex.org/W2768480737","https://openalex.org/W2902834429","https://openalex.org/W4243435663","https://openalex.org/W6712304622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142481367","https://openalex.org/W3196321793","https://openalex.org/W3080705045","https://openalex.org/W2385527937","https://openalex.org/W2005880840","https://openalex.org/W2507465767","https://openalex.org/W4385305499","https://openalex.org/W2047674875","https://openalex.org/W4245066656","https://openalex.org/W2373597927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Geo-locating":[0],"BGP":[1],"prefixes":[2,89,106,115,142],"can":[3],"help":[4],"us":[5],"understand":[6],"routing":[7],"anomalies,":[8],"prefix":[9,29,43,48,59,135,185],"aggregation,":[10],"or":[11],"reveal":[12],"what":[13],"regions":[14],"are":[15,107],"affected":[16],"by":[17,85],"an":[18],"Internet":[19],"outage.":[20],"Our":[21,160,178],"work":[22,179],"shows":[23],"that":[24,49,71,103,140,168],"the":[25,57,63,66,80,119,124,132,150,154,197,205],"naive":[26],"approach":[27],"to":[28,35,51,62,76,90,111,136,144,170,218],"geo-location-simply":[30],"mapping":[31],"each":[32],"IP":[33],"address":[34,121],"its":[36],"corresponding":[37],"geo-location-can":[38],"be":[39,192],"ambiguous":[40,108],"because":[41],"a":[42,52,146,152,166,181],"may":[44],"contain":[45],"another,":[46],"separately-announced":[47],"maps":[50,158,169],"different":[53],"geographical":[54],"location.":[55,137],"Should":[56],"containing":[58],"also":[60],"map":[61,143],"locations":[64,156],"of":[65,82,105,118,127,207],"contained":[67],"prefix?":[68],"We":[69,101,138,210],"show":[70],"this":[72],"question":[73],"is":[74],"difficult":[75],"answer":[77],"and":[78,93,98,187,214],"characterize":[79],"scope":[81],"these":[83,114],"ambiguities":[84],"geo-locating":[86],"around":[87],"680,000":[88],"countries,":[91],"regions,":[92],"cities":[94],"using":[95],"both":[96],"GeoLite":[97],"NetAcuity":[99],"Edge.":[100],"find":[102,139],"0.3%":[104],"with":[109],"respect":[110],"countries":[112],"but":[113,149],"constitute":[116],"8.5%":[117],"IPv4":[120],"space.":[122],"In":[123],"second":[125],"part":[126],"our":[128,212],"work,":[129],"we":[130],"study":[131],"mappings":[133],"from":[134],"most":[141],"only":[145],"single":[147],"city":[148],"shorter":[151],"prefix,":[153],"more":[155,200],"it":[157],"to.":[159],"dataset":[161],"however":[162],"contains":[163],"outliers,":[164],"e.g.,":[165],"/23":[167],"as":[171,173,204],"many":[172],"127":[174],"(potentially":[175],"spoofed)":[176],"countries.":[177],"takes":[180],"first":[182],"look":[183],"at":[184],"geo-location":[186,206],"identifies":[188],"issues":[189],"one":[190],"should":[191],"aware":[193],"of,":[194],"which":[195],"paves":[196],"way":[198],"towards":[199],"sophisticated":[201],"applications":[202],"such":[203],"autonomous":[208],"systems.":[209],"make":[211],"code":[213],"datasets":[215],"publicly":[216],"available":[217],"facilitate":[219],"further":[220],"analysis.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}