{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990150261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/softcom.2019.8903789","title":"An Efficient Hidden Markov Model For Anomaly Detection In CAN Bus Networks","display_name":"An Efficient Hidden Markov Model For Anomaly Detection In CAN Bus Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990150261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/softcom.2019.8903789","mag":"2990150261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/softcom.2019.8903789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/softcom.2019.8903789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056341686","display_name":"Safa Boumiza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Safa Boumiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse,Hammam Sousse,Tunisia","PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse, Hammam Sousse, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse,Hammam Sousse,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse, Hammam Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110211893","display_name":"Rafik Braham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafik Braham","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse,Hammam Sousse,Tunisia","PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse, Hammam Sousse, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse,Hammam Sousse,Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRINCE Research Laboratory, ISITCOM-University of Sousse, Hammam Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056341686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2385,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56476146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7411757707595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6823364496231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6571674346923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bluetooth","display_name":"Bluetooth","score":0.6449247002601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6335669755935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/can-bus","display_name":"CAN bus","score":0.5891273617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5810393691062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5226611495018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.509117066860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47424668073654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.46502968668937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44343259930610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.41913753747940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.40940019488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35204124450683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2010466456413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14575907588005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12026262283325195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7411757707595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6823364496231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6571674346923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546215728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39531","display_name":"Bluetooth","level":3,"score":0.6449247002601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6335669755935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201762086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728183","display_name":"CAN bus","level":2,"score":0.5891273617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5810393691062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5226611495018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.509117066860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47424668073654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.46502968668937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44343259930610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.41913753747940063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.40940019488334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35204124450683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2010466456413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14575907588005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12026262283325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/softcom.2019.8903789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/softcom.2019.8903789","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87635799","https://openalex.org/W1967354722","https://openalex.org/W1993470778","https://openalex.org/W1993943803","https://openalex.org/W2066664409","https://openalex.org/W2069035496","https://openalex.org/W2116520617","https://openalex.org/W2133854595","https://openalex.org/W2461378669","https://openalex.org/W2561208905","https://openalex.org/W2592742990","https://openalex.org/W2593900992","https://openalex.org/W2783474208","https://openalex.org/W2790527412","https://openalex.org/W6603557143","https://openalex.org/W6950685506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4220926637","https://openalex.org/W2362681120","https://openalex.org/W2376320007","https://openalex.org/W4376643979","https://openalex.org/W2322402661","https://openalex.org/W2389079374","https://openalex.org/W2372429262","https://openalex.org/W2903653170","https://openalex.org/W2722482855","https://openalex.org/W2351967314"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CAN":[0,128],"Bus":[1],"is":[2,69,162],"currently":[3],"the":[4,26,49,116,150,158,176],"most":[5],"used":[6,17],"bus":[7],"network":[8,50],"in":[9,96,149,157],"vehicles.":[10],"It":[11],"was":[12],"designed":[13],"however":[14],"to":[15,53,133,166],"be":[16],"for":[18,62,115],"internal":[19],"communications":[20],"with":[21,34],"no":[22,168],"external":[23,35,55],"access.":[24],"On":[25],"other":[27],"hand,":[28],"nowadays":[29],"in-vehicle":[30],"networks":[31],"allow":[32],"communication":[33],"devices":[36],"through":[37],"wireless":[38],"interfaces":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"Bluetooth,":[42],"Wi-Fi,":[43],"cellular,":[44],"etc.":[45],"For":[46,173],"this":[47,74,174],"reason,":[48,175],"became":[51],"vulnerable":[52],"many":[54],"threats":[56],"which":[57,89],"may":[58],"cause":[59],"high":[60],"danger":[61],"both":[63],"drivers":[64],"and":[65,130,135,153,170,190],"passengers.":[66],"Much":[67],"research":[68],"being":[70],"done":[71],"on":[72,81,111],"securing":[73],"bus.":[75,121],"Most":[76],"proposed":[77,177],"solutions":[78],"are":[79,85],"based":[80,110],"cryptographic":[82],"approaches.":[83],"There":[84],"only":[86],"few":[87],"works":[88],"employ":[90],"anomaly-detection":[91],"techniques":[92],"despite":[93],"their":[94],"efficiencies":[95],"systems":[97],"that":[98],"need":[99],"real-time":[100],"detection.":[101],"Therefore,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"an":[105],"intrusion":[106],"detection":[107,151,193],"system":[108,123,137,141],"(IDS)":[109],"Hidden":[112],"Markov":[113],"Models":[114],"Controller":[117],"Area":[118],"Network":[119],"(CAN)":[120],"Our":[122],"extracts":[124],"suitable":[125],"features":[126],"from":[127],"packets":[129],"uses":[131],"them":[132],"train":[134],"construct":[136],"model":[138],"parameters.":[139],"The":[140],"operates":[142],"by":[143],"comparing":[144],"test":[145],"transition":[146],"sequences":[147,155],"obtained":[148],"phase":[152],"normal":[154],"built":[156],"training":[159],"phase.":[160],"HMM":[161],"a":[163,180],"powerful":[164],"tool":[165],"process":[167],"linear":[169],"time-variant":[171],"systems.":[172],"IDS":[178],"shows":[179],"good":[181],"performance":[182],"namely":[183],"substantial":[184],"decrease":[185],"of":[186,192],"false":[187],"positive":[188],"errors":[189],"increase":[191],"rate.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
