{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400527958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ondm61578.2024.10582719","title":"Experimental Demonstration of High Precision Time Transfer in FPGA for 5G and 6G Networks","display_name":"Experimental Demonstration of High Precision Time Transfer in FPGA for 5G and 6G Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400527958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ondm61578.2024.10582719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ondm61578.2024.10582719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ondm61578.2024.10582719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102565195","display_name":"Lakshmi Rajagopal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332878012","display_name":"BT Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kv9pj15","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshmi Rajagopal","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Group, Adastral Park,Optical Networks Research Group,Ipswich,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Group, Adastral Park,Optical Networks Research Group,Ipswich,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021062472","display_name":"R. D. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0083-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romerson D. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,High Perfomance Networks Group,Bristol,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,High Perfomance Networks Group,Bristol,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015604027","display_name":"Andrew Lord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332878012","display_name":"BT Group (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kv9pj15","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Lord","raw_affiliation_strings":["BT Group, Adastral Park,Optical Networks Research Group,Ipswich,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BT Group, Adastral Park,Optical Networks Research Group,Ipswich,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332878012"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082974909","display_name":"Yeshpal Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-044X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeshpal Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Birmingham,Dept. of Physics and Astronomy,Birmingham,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Birmingham,Dept. of Physics and Astronomy,Birmingham,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024590871","display_name":"Reza Nejabati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4664-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Nejabati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,High Perfomance Networks Group,Bristol,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,High Perfomance Networks Group,Bristol,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030580652","display_name":"Dimitra Simeonidou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-544X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitra Simeonidou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol,High Perfomance Networks Group,Bristol,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol,High Perfomance Networks Group,Bristol,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64619184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13293","display_name":"Engineering and Test Systems","score":0.9641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8148561120033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6794580817222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-transfer","display_name":"Time transfer","score":0.5693146586418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.5476112365722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.28240466117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17838752269744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.10650399327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.06382638216018677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8148561120033264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6794580817222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127568405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805271","display_name":"Time transfer","level":3,"score":0.5693146586418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5476112365722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.28240466117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17838752269744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.10650399327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.06382638216018677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ondm61578.2024.10582719","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ondm61578.2024.10582719","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/8158adb0-fd85-4372-8d75-3c289eb70191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/8158adb0-fd85-4372-8d75-3c289eb70191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109553293","https://openalex.org/W2164964876","https://openalex.org/W2783699857","https://openalex.org/W3020044372","https://openalex.org/W3134806580","https://openalex.org/W3216069328","https://openalex.org/W4225817361","https://openalex.org/W4286377573","https://openalex.org/W4291236927","https://openalex.org/W4312793167","https://openalex.org/W4318580651","https://openalex.org/W4361220141","https://openalex.org/W4362683515","https://openalex.org/W4375928268","https://openalex.org/W4382873809","https://openalex.org/W4386260554","https://openalex.org/W4393174828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2799884807","https://openalex.org/W4385457275","https://openalex.org/W2030466550","https://openalex.org/W4385457220","https://openalex.org/W276212245","https://openalex.org/W4368754967","https://openalex.org/W2193384003","https://openalex.org/W2006415694","https://openalex.org/W2972118296","https://openalex.org/W39565308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,11,47,73,108,121,130,160,172],"current":[2],"roll":[3],"out":[4],"of":[5,46,75,86,116,123,144,166],"5G":[6,183],"and":[7,15,29,35,65,89,104,184],"efforts":[8],"to":[9,19,62,127],"accelerate":[10],"6G":[12,185],"framework,":[13],"network":[14,140],"applications":[16],"are":[17],"evolving":[18],"a":[20,42,70,76,79,113,167],"scenario":[21],"where":[22],"real-time":[23],"requirements":[24],"will":[25,38],"be":[26,135],"more":[27],"critical":[28],"complex":[30],"than":[31,164],"today.":[32],"Time":[33],"transfer":[34,60],"synchronization":[36],"mechanisms":[37],"therefore":[39],"remain":[40],"as":[41],"fundamental":[43],"building":[44],"block":[45],"infrastructure.":[48],"In":[49,72],"this":[50,52],"context,":[51],"paper":[53],"demonstrates":[54],"an":[55,138],"FPGA-based":[56],"high":[57],"precision":[58,100,115],"time":[59,131],"prototype":[61],"timestamp":[63],"events":[64],"synchronise":[66],"two":[67],"nodes":[68,106],"in":[69,107,154],"network.":[71],"core":[74],"time-to-digital":[77],"converter,":[78],"2048-bits":[80],"delay":[81],"line":[82],"provides":[83],"3.9":[84],"ps":[85,91,98],"theoretical":[87],"resolution":[88],"4.97":[90],"achieved":[92],"on-chip.":[93],"The":[94],"system":[95,161],"reaches":[96],"11.7":[97],"scale":[99],"when":[101],"synchronizing":[102],"central":[103],"remote":[105],"best":[109],"case,":[110],"while":[111],"holding":[112],"single-shot":[114],"42.9":[117],"ps.":[118],"We":[119],"incorporate":[120],"idea":[122],"periodically":[124],"offset":[125],"correction":[126],"account":[128],"for":[129,133,148,175,182],"taken":[132],"timestamps":[134],"transmitted":[136],"over":[137],"optical":[139],"with":[141],"several":[142],"scenarios":[143],"experimentation.":[145],"To":[146],"compensate":[147],"physical":[149],"imperfections,":[150],"calibration":[151],"is":[152],"post-performed":[153],"software.":[155],"Our":[156],"results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"consumes":[162],"less":[163],"5%":[165],"high-performance":[168],"FPGA,":[169],"which":[170],"makes":[171],"solution":[173],"suitable":[174],"deployment":[176],"alongside":[177],"multiple":[178],"low-latency":[179],"hardware":[180],"designs":[181],"components.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
