{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410614268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","title":"RIS-aided transmissions in energy-harvesting cognitive radio networks: A DRL approach","display_name":"RIS-aided transmissions in energy-harvesting cognitive radio networks: A DRL approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410614268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2025.000016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173102057","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","issn_l":"1229-2370","issn":["1229-2370","1976-5541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021683919","display_name":"Hoang Thi Huong Giang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-3269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185088104","display_name":"Tokyo City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04dt6bw53","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185088104"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoang Thi Huong Giang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185088104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045638088","display_name":"Pham Duy Thanh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-3044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pham Duy Thanh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010890787","display_name":"Tran Nhut Khai Hoan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3648-6527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177733328","display_name":"Can Tho University","ror":"https://ror.org/0071qz696","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177733328"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tran Nhut Khai Hoan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Can Tho University, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Can Tho University, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177733328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007398507","display_name":"Haneul Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-445X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haneul Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015321839","display_name":"Sangheon Pack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1085-1568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangheon Pack","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7479825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"2","first_page":"78","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.8287534713745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8001909255981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.7431783676147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4394083321094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41466227173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.331828773021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3265511393547058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.8287534713745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8001909255981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.7431783676147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4394083321094513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41466227173805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.331828773021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3265511393547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173102057","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","issn_l":"1229-2370","issn":["1229-2370","1976-5541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcn.2025.000016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173102057","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","issn_l":"1229-2370","issn":["1229-2370","1976-5541"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W4280609833","https://openalex.org/W2566010174","https://openalex.org/W2362421235","https://openalex.org/W3082860291","https://openalex.org/W2773352753","https://openalex.org/W2125689931","https://openalex.org/W1908935147","https://openalex.org/W3018308121","https://openalex.org/W1966708639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Direct":[0],"transmissions":[1,95],"in":[2,96,168,187],"cognitive":[3,18,50],"radio":[4],"networks":[5],"(CRNs)":[6],"can":[7,33,43,77],"be":[8,44],"easily":[9],"obstructed":[10],"by":[11,46],"obstacles":[12],"and":[13,16,37,59,81,100,111,124,165,194],"channel":[14,92],"uncertainty":[15],"thus":[17],"transmitters":[19],"normally":[20],"increase":[21],"the":[22,27,97,119,130,177,181],"transmission":[23,62,79],"power":[24,121],"to":[25,49,117,128,159,175],"guarantee":[26],"quality":[28],"of":[29,69,106,122,132,180],"service;":[30],"however,":[31],"it":[32],"deplete":[34],"limited-capacity":[35],"batteries":[36],"degrade":[38],"long-term":[39],"performance.":[40],"These":[41],"issues":[42],"solved":[45],"reflecting":[47],"signals":[48],"users":[51],"(CUs)":[52],"using":[53],"a":[54,82,90,143,150],"reconfigurable":[55],"intelligent":[56],"surface":[57],"(RIS)":[58],"setting":[60],"appropriate":[61],"powers.":[63],"This":[64],"study":[65],"investigates":[66],"RIS-aided":[67],"downlink":[68],"non-orthogonal":[70],"multiple":[71,190],"access":[72,191],"(NOMA)":[73],"CRNs,":[74],"where":[75],"RIS":[76,125],"reconstruct":[78],"environments":[80],"wireless":[83,109],"powered-cognitive":[84],"base":[85],"station":[86],"(CBS)":[87],"opportunistically":[88],"uses":[89],"licensed":[91],"allowing":[93],"multi-user":[94],"same":[98],"frequency":[99],"time":[101],"block.":[102],"Under":[103],"stochastic":[104],"properties":[105],"energy":[107],"harvesting,":[108],"channels,":[110],"primary":[112],"network":[113],"behavior,":[114],"we":[115,137],"aim":[116],"optimize":[118],"assigned":[120],"CUs":[123],"phase-shifts":[126],"jointly":[127],"maximize":[129],"sum-rate":[131],"CRNs.":[133],"To":[134],"this":[135],"end,":[136],"formulate":[138],"an":[139],"optimization":[140],"problem":[141],"as":[142],"Markov":[144],"decision":[145],"process":[146],"(MDP)":[147],"framework.":[148],"Subsequently,":[149],"deep":[151],"deterministic":[152],"policy":[153],"gradient":[154],"(DDPG)":[155],"algorithm":[156],"is":[157],"adopted":[158],"cope":[160],"with":[161],"highdimensional":[162],"continuous":[163],"states":[164],"action":[166],"spaces":[167],"time-varying":[169],"environments.":[170],"Simulation":[171],"results":[172],"are":[173,197],"presented":[174],"confirm":[176],"superior":[178],"performance":[179],"proposed":[182],"scheme":[183],"over":[184],"benchmark":[185],"schemes":[186],"which":[188],"orthogonal":[189],"(OMA),":[192],"long-term,":[193],"myopic":[195],"optimizations":[196],"considered.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
