{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124456884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2025.11357495","title":"CSGO: Generalized Optimization for Cold Start in Wireless Collaborative Edge LLM Systems","display_name":"CSGO: Generalized Optimization for Cold Start in Wireless Collaborative Edge LLM Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124456884","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2025.11357495"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcin.2025.11357495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2025.11357495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178728","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","issn_l":"2096-1081","issn":["2096-1081","2509-3312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123174160","display_name":"Xuran Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103014361","display_name":"Nan Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-6696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071810247","display_name":"Rui Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-4730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035263099","display_name":"Yaping Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-1639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China and Future Network of Intelligent Institute (FNii), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China and Future Network of Intelligent Institute (FNii), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007812999","display_name":"Z. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7390-3654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028421017","display_name":"Meixia Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meixia Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123199868","display_name":"Xiaodong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China and Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China and Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216","https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111910647","display_name":"Shuguang Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering (SSE) and Future Network of Intelligent Institute (FNii), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China and Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering (SSE) and Future Network of Intelligent Institute (FNii), The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China and Department of Broadband Communication, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64201349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"340","last_page":"351"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.779699981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.779699981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.3723999857902527}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8079000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.6363999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6341000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5187000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.42559999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4235000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.37040001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159254197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144915","display_name":"Lexicographical order","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcin.2025.11357495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2025.11357495","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178728","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","issn_l":"2096-1081","issn":["2096-1081","2509-3312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"deploying":[1],"large":[2],"language":[3],"models":[4],"on":[5,64],"edge":[6],"devices":[7],"promises":[8],"low-latency":[9],"and":[10,56,66,75,100,111],"privacy-preserving":[11],"artificial":[12],"intelligence":[13],"(AI)":[14],"services,":[15],"it":[16],"is":[17],"hindered":[18],"by":[19,37],"limited":[20],"device":[21,65,112],"resources.":[22],"Although":[23],"pipeline":[24],"parallelism":[25],"facilitates":[26],"distributed":[27],"inference,":[28],"existing":[29],"approaches":[30],"often":[31],"ignore":[32],"the":[33,69,92,118],"cold-start":[34,123],"latency":[35,124],"caused":[36],"on-demand":[38],"model":[39,52,67,109],"loading.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"a":[46,95],"latency-aware":[47],"scheduling":[48],"framework":[49,70],"that":[50,117],"overlaps":[51],"loading":[53,80],"with":[54],"computation":[55],"communication":[57],"to":[58,77,107,126],"minimize":[59],"total":[60],"inference":[61],"latency.":[62],"Based":[63],"parameters,":[68],"dynamically":[71],"adjusts":[72],"layer":[73],"partitioning":[74,110],"allocation":[76],"effectively":[78],"hide":[79],"time,":[81],"thereby":[82],"eliminating":[83],"as":[84,88,94],"many":[85],"idle":[86],"periods":[87],"possible.":[89],"We":[90],"formulate":[91],"problem":[93],"mixed-integer":[96],"non-linear":[97],"program":[98],"(MINLP)":[99],"design":[101],"an":[102],"efficient":[103],"dynamic":[104],"programming":[105],"algorithm":[106],"optimize":[108],"assignment.":[113],"Experimental":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"proposed":[119],"method":[120],"significantly":[121],"reduces":[122],"compared":[125],"baseline":[127],"strategies.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}