{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387382590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10272353","title":"Channel Knowledge Map (CKM)-Assisted Multi-UAV Wireless Network: CKM Construction and UAV Placement","display_name":"Channel Knowledge Map (CKM)-Assisted Multi-UAV Wireless Network: CKM Construction and UAV Placement","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387382590","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10272353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcin.2023.10272353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10272353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178728","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","issn_l":"2096-1081","issn":["2096-1081","2509-3312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010577437","display_name":"Haoyun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6318-587X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056822865","display_name":"Peiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9495-1752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084407819","display_name":"Gaoyuan Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5177-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaoyuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008162410","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-8839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101802022","display_name":"Junting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-9030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, and the Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082336235","display_name":"Yong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, the Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, the Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, the Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing 211111, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96987661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"256","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6672556400299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","score":0.6414552330970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5057773590087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.5046156644821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.49933934211730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.4926000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.45633193850517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44280943274497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.43968814611434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43554019927978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.189021497964859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.14230811595916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11058613657951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10956111550331116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6672556400299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.6414552330970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5057773590087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.5046156644821167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.49933934211730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.4926000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.45633193850517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44280943274497986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43968814611434937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43554019927978516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.189021497964859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.14230811595916748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11058613657951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10956111550331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcin.2023.10272353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10272353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178728","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","issn_l":"2096-1081","issn":["2096-1081","2509-3312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285326088","https://openalex.org/W1993996173","https://openalex.org/W4385832323","https://openalex.org/W2055080101","https://openalex.org/W2356996864","https://openalex.org/W3200148366","https://openalex.org/W4286247444","https://openalex.org/W4244391535","https://openalex.org/W2015393961","https://openalex.org/W2904060783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Channel":[0],"knowledge":[1],"map":[2],"(CKM)":[3],"has":[4],"recently":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,37,67,79,164,174,188,208,251],"viable":[9],"new":[10],"solution":[11],"to":[12,87,90,115,120,182,207,217,258,281],"facilitate":[13],"the":[14,27,45,58,84,92,99,106,111,122,135,142,149,184,195,203,219,222,229,239,247,259,276],"placement":[15,53,101,118,197,242],"and":[16,29,47,193],"trajectory":[17],"optimization":[18,102,151,243],"for":[19,51,65,236],"unmanned":[20],"aerial":[21],"vehicle":[22],"(UAV)":[23],"communications,":[24],"by":[25,42,104,201],"exploiting":[26],"site-":[28],"location-specific":[30],"radio":[31],"propagation":[32,94],"information.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"investigates":[36],"CKM-assisted":[38],"multi-UAV":[39,52,100],"wireless":[40],"network,":[41],"focusing":[43],"on":[44,141,154,169,246,265],"construction":[46,60],"utilization":[48],"of":[49,70,176,190,221],"CKMs":[50,89,143,235,249],"optimization.":[54],"First,":[55],"we":[56,77,97,162],"consider":[57],"CKM":[59],"problem":[61,103],"when":[62],"data":[63],"measurements":[64],"only":[66],"limited":[68],"number":[69],"points":[71],"are":[72,179,199,215],"available.":[73],"Towards":[74],"this":[75,160],"end,":[76],"exploit":[78],"data-driven":[80],"interpolation":[81,191],"technique,":[82],"namely":[83],"Kriging":[85,230],"method,":[86],"construct":[88,233],"characterize":[91],"signal":[93],"environments.":[95],"Next,":[96],"study":[98],"utilizing":[105],"constructed":[107,181],"CKMs,":[108,267],"in":[109,172],"which":[110,147,173],"multiple":[112],"UAVs":[113],"aim":[114],"optimize":[116],"their":[117,127],"locations":[119,198],"maximize":[121],"weighted":[123,136,252],"sum":[124,137,253],"rate":[125,138,254],"with":[126,269],"respectively":[128],"associated":[129],"ground":[130],"base":[131],"stations":[132],"(GBSs).":[133],"However,":[134],"function":[139,155,186,205],"based":[140,168,245,264],"is":[144,226,256,279],"generally":[145],"non-differentiable,":[146],"renders":[148],"conventional":[150],"techniques":[152],"relying":[153],"derivatives":[156],"inapplicable.":[157],"To":[158],"tackle":[159],"issue,":[161],"propose":[163],"novel":[165],"iterative":[166],"algorithm":[167],"derivative-free":[170,241],"optimization,":[171],"series":[175],"quadratic":[177],"functions":[178],"iteratively":[180],"approximate":[183,204],"objective":[185],"under":[187],"set":[189],"conditions,":[192],"accordingly,":[194],"UAVs'":[196],"updated":[200],"maximizing":[202],"subject":[206],"trust":[209],"region":[210],"constraint.":[211],"Finally,":[212],"numerical":[213],"results":[214],"presented":[216],"validate":[218],"performance":[220],"proposed":[223,240,277],"designs.":[224],"It":[225],"shown":[227,280],"that":[228,255],"method":[231],"can":[232],"accurate":[234],"UAVs.":[237],"Furthermore,":[238],"design":[244,263,278],"Kriging-constructed":[248],"achieves":[250],"close":[257],"optimal":[260],"exhaustive":[261],"search":[262],"ground-truth":[266],"but":[268],"much":[270],"lower":[271],"implementation":[272],"complexity.":[273],"In":[274],"addition,":[275],"significantly":[282],"outperform":[283],"other":[284],"benchmark":[285],"schemes.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}