{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383199804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10173732","title":"An Evolutionary Approach to Improve the Beam Steering Performance over Conventional Approach in CHAA","display_name":"An Evolutionary Approach to Improve the Beam Steering Performance over Conventional Approach in CHAA","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383199804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10173732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcin.2023.10173732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10173732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178728","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","issn_l":"2096-1081","issn":["2096-1081","2509-3312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044816229","display_name":"K. Akhitha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121750182","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Warangal","ror":"https://ror.org/017ebfz38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Akhitha","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000246289","display_name":"Gopi Ram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-9925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121750182","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Warangal","ror":"https://ror.org/017ebfz38","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopi Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121750182"],"apc_list":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.691,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83899141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"164","last_page":"170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.7780635952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.7165905833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7039284110069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.6494183540344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5307994484901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-algorithm","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","score":0.5258313417434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-mean-squares-filter","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","score":0.49961328506469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4931275546550751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.49010834097862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.48599109053611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.48295849561691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4811500310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.44874095916748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.447092741727829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-pattern","display_name":"Beam pattern","score":0.4417249858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4127689301967621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3538779020309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23333454132080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.2018170952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-filter","display_name":"Adaptive filter","score":0.19022303819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15427953004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14946773648262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12422323226928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12419459223747253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08844175934791565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.7780635952949524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.7165905833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7039284110069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.6494183540344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5307994484901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159149176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14489129","display_name":"Evolutionary algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5258313417434692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32617633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426666","display_name":"Least mean squares filter","level":3,"score":0.49961328506469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4931275546550751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.49010834097862244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.48599109053611755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.48295849561691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4811500310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.44874095916748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.447092741727829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988395205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Beam pattern","level":3,"score":0.4417249858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4127689301967621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3538779020309448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23333454132080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.2018170952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102248274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168388","display_name":"Adaptive filter","level":2,"score":0.19022303819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15427953004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14946773648262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12422323226928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12419459223747253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08844175934791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/jcin.2023.10173732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/jcin.2023.10173732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178728","display_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","issn_l":"2096-1081","issn":["2096-1081","2509-3312"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Communications and Information Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186175907","https://openalex.org/W804926679","https://openalex.org/W2947767458","https://openalex.org/W4205136858","https://openalex.org/W2142834316","https://openalex.org/W2545699610","https://openalex.org/W2899596405","https://openalex.org/W2336842827","https://openalex.org/W2914443930","https://openalex.org/W1970373723"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"evolutionary":[3],"algorithms":[4,110],"are":[5,111],"applied":[6],"for":[7,42,89,113],"the":[8,17,22,30,62,65,101],"first":[9],"time":[10],"to":[11,60,76],"achieve":[12],"better":[13],"radiation":[14],"characteristics":[15],"over":[16],"conventional":[18,49],"beamforming":[19],"algorithm":[20,39],"in":[21],"concentric":[23],"hexagonal":[24],"antenna":[25],"array":[26],"(CHAA),":[27],"which":[28],"improves":[29],"performance":[31],"of":[32,44,100],"wireless":[33],"communication.":[34],"Multiple":[35],"signal":[36],"classification":[37],"(MUSIC)":[38],"is":[40,58,68,95],"employed":[41,69],"direction":[43],"arrival":[45],"(DoA)":[46],"estimation.":[47],"The":[48,97],"adaptive":[50],"beam":[51,93],"steering":[52,94],"algorithm,":[53,57],"least":[54],"mean-square":[55],"(LMS)":[56],"used":[59],"steer":[61],"beam.":[63],"Further,":[64],"proposed":[66],"approach":[67],"by":[70],"novel":[71],"particle":[72,106],"swarm":[73,107],"optimization":[74,108],"(NPSO)":[75],"reduce":[77],"sidelobe":[78],"level":[79],"(SLL)":[80],"even":[81],"further.":[82],"A":[83],"six-ring":[84],"CHAA":[85],"with":[86],"126":[87],"elements":[88],"DoA":[90],"estimation":[91],"and":[92,105],"simulated.":[96],"simulation":[98],"results":[99],"MUSIC,":[102],"LMS,":[103],"NPSO,":[104],"(PSO)":[109],"provided":[112],"various":[114],"DoAs.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
