{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7166656077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ifipnetworking70592.2026.11579170","title":"Risk Level as a Service: Enhancing BGP Security through IXP-Based Risk Assessment","display_name":"Risk Level as a Service: Enhancing BGP Security through IXP-Based Risk Assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7166656077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ifipnetworking70592.2026.11579170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ifipnetworking70592.2026.11579170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ifipnetworking70592.2026.11579170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106525771","display_name":"Stefano Servillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Servillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135436474","display_name":"Angelo Pio Pompeo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Pio Pompeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043668931","display_name":"Pietro Spadaccino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5920-680X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Spadaccino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022341678","display_name":"Francesca Cuomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-7993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesca Cuomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rome \"Sapienza\",Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET),Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.19750000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.19750000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.11649999767541885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.10209999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"Risk assessment","score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"Risk management","score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.27379998564720154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.5978000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5001000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4708999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.25780001282691956}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ifipnetworking70592.2026.11579170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ifipnetworking70592.2026.11579170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IFIP Networking Conference (IFIP Networking)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1767057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1767057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,183],"Border":[1],"Gateway":[2],"Protocol":[3],"(BGP)":[4],"is":[5,105,186,206],"the":[6,63,71,115,176,210,230,237,240],"de-facto":[7],"standard":[8],"for":[9,102],"inter-domain":[10,158,241],"routing,":[11],"enabling":[12,45,191],"Autonomous":[13],"Systems":[14],"(ASes)":[15],"to":[16,26,106,118,153,156,168,188,193,201,208],"exchange":[17],"reachability":[18],"information.":[19],"BGP's":[20],"trust-based":[21],"design":[22],"makes":[23],"it":[24,195],"vulnerable":[25],"configuration":[27],"errors":[28],"and":[29,62,76,134,235],"malicious":[30,84,172,233],"activities,":[31],"disrupting":[32],"global":[33],"connectivity":[34],"between":[35],"ASes.":[36,204],"Internet":[37,44,58,120],"Exchange":[38],"Points":[39],"(IXPs),":[40],"components":[41],"of":[42,180,213,219,232,239],"today's":[43],"efficient":[46],"interconnection":[47],"among":[48],"networks,":[49],"typically":[50],"implement":[51],"countermeasures,":[52],"enforcing":[53],"filtering":[54],"policies":[55,200],"based":[56],"on":[57,128],"Routing":[59,121],"Registries":[60],"(IRRs)":[61],"Resource":[64],"Public":[65],"Key":[66],"Infrastructure":[67],"(RPKI),":[68],"which":[69],"protect":[70],"IXP's":[72],"Route":[73],"Server":[74],"(RS)":[75],"members.":[77],"However,":[78,123],"IXP":[79,103,189],"members":[80,104,155],"may":[81],"still":[82],"receive":[83],"routes":[85],"through":[86],"other":[87],"BGP":[88],"connections":[89],"and,":[90],"without":[91],"proper":[92],"filtering,":[93],"select":[94],"them":[95,192],"as":[96,111],"best":[97],"paths.":[98],"A":[99],"possible":[100],"solution":[101],"deploy":[107],"risk-based":[108],"monitoring":[109],"tools,":[110],"in":[112],"compliance":[113],"with":[114],"U.S.":[116],"Roadmap":[117],"Enhancing":[119],"Security.":[122],"implementing":[124],"such":[125],"tools":[126],"individually":[127],"each":[129],"AS":[130],"poses":[131],"scalability":[132],"challenges":[133],"adds":[135],"complexity.":[136],"In":[137],"this":[138],"work,":[139],"we":[140,224],"introduce":[141],"Risk":[142,165],"Level-as-a-Service":[143],"(RLaaS),":[144],"a":[145,164,222],"novel":[146],"security":[147],"service":[148],"that":[149,226],"IXPs":[150],"can":[151,228],"provide":[152],"their":[154,197],"enhance":[157],"routing":[159,199,242],"resilience.":[160],"RLaaS":[161,205,227],"dynamically":[162],"assigns":[163],"Level":[166],"(RL)":[167],"ASes":[169],"by":[170],"analyzing":[171],"announcements":[173,234],"observed":[174],"at":[175],"RS,":[177],"potentially":[178],"indicative":[179],"prefix":[181],"hijacking.":[182],"RL":[184],"value":[185],"distributed":[187],"members,":[190],"incorporate":[194],"into":[196],"local":[198],"penalize":[202],"high-risk":[203],"intended":[207],"complement":[209],"partial":[211],"deployment":[212],"RPKI,":[214],"offering":[215],"an":[216],"additional":[217],"layer":[218],"security.":[220],"Through":[221],"proof-of-concept,":[223],"demonstrate":[225],"reduce":[229],"propagation":[231],"improve":[236],"robustness":[238],"ecosystem.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-07-01T00:00:00"}
