{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988503001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2019.8895182","title":"Analyzing Quality of Software Requirements; A Comparison Study on NLP Tools","display_name":"Analyzing Quality of Software Requirements; A Comparison Study on NLP Tools","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988503001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2019.8895182","mag":"2988503001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/iconac.2019.8895182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2019.8895182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 25th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102372352","display_name":"Afrah Naeem","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afrah Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University Islamabad,Department of Computer Science,Islamabad,Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University Islamabad,Department of Computer Science,Islamabad,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102960392","display_name":"Zeeshan Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4452-2113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Aslam","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University Islamabad,Department of Computer Science,Islamabad,Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University Islamabad,Department of Computer Science,Islamabad,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022535739","display_name":"Munam Ali Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munam Ali Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University Islamabad,Department of Computer Science,Islamabad,Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University Islamabad,Department of Computer Science,Islamabad,Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6585,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69573144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7975534200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.6667836904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5986813902854919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5740601420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5415546894073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5009245872497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-requirements-specification","display_name":"Software requirements specification","score":0.48410212993621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4414025843143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.43225789070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.42608559131622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35060203075408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3341413736343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.2909488081932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2860514223575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.2709639072418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.14704906940460205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7975534200668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.6667836904525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5986813902854919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5740601420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5415546894073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5009245872497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102780508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761598","display_name":"Software requirements specification","level":5,"score":0.48410212993621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4414025843143463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.43225789070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.42608559131622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35060203075408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3341413736343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2909488081932068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2860514223575592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2709639072418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.14704906940460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/iconac.2019.8895182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2019.8895182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 25th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3086074772","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201902291694654434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22513585","https://openalex.org/W55918722","https://openalex.org/W1975988951","https://openalex.org/W2007566951","https://openalex.org/W2023128682","https://openalex.org/W2072108727","https://openalex.org/W2122987719","https://openalex.org/W2141964811","https://openalex.org/W2154085510","https://openalex.org/W2576095782","https://openalex.org/W2589400883","https://openalex.org/W2590015475","https://openalex.org/W2886876310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516679419","https://openalex.org/W190396239","https://openalex.org/W2116476472","https://openalex.org/W2104314440","https://openalex.org/W2113355018","https://openalex.org/W1651234623","https://openalex.org/W1985590959","https://openalex.org/W2129991641","https://openalex.org/W1990397688","https://openalex.org/W2137338958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"analyzing":[1,114],"the":[2,22,65,124,139],"quality":[3,95,115,135],"of":[4,15,25,116,126,141,153],"software":[5],"requirements":[6,118,145],"and":[7,32,41,86,94,119,134],"performing":[8],"natural":[9,143],"language":[10,144],"(NL)":[11],"processing,":[12],"only":[13,45],"few":[14,46],"many":[16],"tools":[17,27,48,58,79,128,155],"are":[18,28,33,59],"currently":[19],"adopted":[20],"by":[21,98],"industry.":[23],"Most":[24],"these":[26,99,127,154],"no":[29],"longer":[30],"available":[31],"obsoleted":[34],"due":[35],"to":[36,61],"their":[37],"complexity,":[38],"less":[39],"accuracy":[40],"high":[42],"cost.":[43],"The":[44,151],"remaining":[47],"exhibit":[49],"either":[50],"optimum":[51],"functionality":[52,93],"or":[53],"at":[54],"sub-optimal":[55],"level.":[56],"Some":[57],"limited":[60],"processing":[62],"NL":[63],"whereas":[64],"rest":[66],"check":[67,123],"for":[68,113,129,163,171],"grammatical":[69],"mistakes.":[70],"First,":[71],"this":[72],"paper":[73],"performs":[74],"comparison":[75],"on":[76,138],"five":[77],"existing":[78],"named":[80,107],"as":[81,108],"QVscribe,":[82],"QuOD,":[83],"Innoslate,":[84],"RAT":[85,158],"RQA":[87],"in":[88,166],"which":[89],"we":[90,102],"compare":[91],"features,":[92],"indicators":[96],"addressed":[97],"tools.":[100],"Second,":[101],"propose":[103],"a":[104],"new":[105],"tool":[106],"Requirement":[109],"Assessment":[110],"Tool":[111],"(RAT)":[112],"individual":[117],"specification":[120],"document.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"performance":[125],"automatically":[130],"detecting":[131,164],"ambiguity,":[132],"deviations":[133],"affecting":[136],"defects":[137,165],"basis":[140],"real-world":[142],"set":[146],"i.e.":[147],"golden":[148],"standard":[149],"data.":[150],"results":[152,162],"concluded":[156],"that":[157],"gives":[159],"more":[160],"accurate":[161],"all":[167],"categories":[168],"except":[169],"looking":[170],"negative":[172],"sentences.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
