{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892147868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2018.8749000","title":"A Reversible and Imperceptible Watermarking Scheme for MR Images Authentication","display_name":"A Reversible and Imperceptible Watermarking Scheme for MR Images Authentication","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892147868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2018.8749000","mag":"2892147868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/iconac.2018.8749000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2018.8749000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/47702/1/Qasim%20Meziane%20and%20Aspin.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020527934","display_name":"Asaad F. Qasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-2871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128557","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03m5ehy13","country_code":"IQ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128557"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asaad F. Qasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079152917","display_name":"Farid Meziane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9811-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farid Meziane","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056193774","display_name":"Rob Aspin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2202-1326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","display_name":"University of Salford","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmqtf75","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rob Aspin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Science and Engineering, University of Salford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020527934"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128557"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46001,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8719627857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.8286186456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7255268692970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7244373559951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7039821147918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6191006898880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5901297926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5865593552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.496570885181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49310967326164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4930426776409149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.4422285556793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36422133445739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11978393793106079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8719627857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8286186456680298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7255268692970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7244373559951782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7039821147918701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6191006898880005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5901297926902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5865593552589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.496570885181427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49310967326164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4930426776409149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.4422285556793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36422133445739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11978393793106079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/iconac.2018.8749000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/iconac.2018.8749000","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 24th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usir.salford.ac.uk:47702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/47702/1/Qasim%20Meziane%20and%20Aspin.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401501","display_name":"University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","host_organization_name":"University of Salford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:usir.salford.ac.uk:47702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/47702/1/Qasim%20Meziane%20and%20Aspin.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401501","display_name":"University of Salford Institutional Repository (University of Salford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I54459138","host_organization_name":"University of Salford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54459138"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102810619","https://openalex.org/W1975242935","https://openalex.org/W2019144803","https://openalex.org/W2032554606","https://openalex.org/W2057546336","https://openalex.org/W2061567202","https://openalex.org/W2064197051","https://openalex.org/W2099724512","https://openalex.org/W2107300816","https://openalex.org/W2135459805","https://openalex.org/W2154369553","https://openalex.org/W2202595705","https://openalex.org/W2288287109","https://openalex.org/W2313929026","https://openalex.org/W2339434660","https://openalex.org/W2416977618","https://openalex.org/W2551285838","https://openalex.org/W2740874106","https://openalex.org/W2760859501","https://openalex.org/W2773348626","https://openalex.org/W2807071316","https://openalex.org/W6695968653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2080353903","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,63,145],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,57,157],"novel":[4],"reversible":[5,35,158],"and":[6,13,81,95,120,159],"imperceptible":[7,106,160],"watermarking":[8,36],"method":[9],"to":[10,116,141],"detect":[11],"intentional":[12],"accidental":[14],"alterations":[15],"within":[16],"brain":[17],"Magnetic":[18],"Resonance":[19],"(MR)":[20],"images.":[21,144],"Authentication":[22],"data":[23,70,94],"is":[24,64,133],"encoded":[25],"into":[26,71],"the":[27,31,39,48,68,75,79,84,92,97,122,142,151,168],"informative":[28,76],"part":[29],"of":[30,78,130,153],"medical":[32,131,170],"images":[33,132],"using":[34],"based":[37],"on":[38],"Difference":[40],"Expansion":[41],"(DE)":[42],"method.":[43],"Experimental":[44],"results":[45],"demonstrate":[46],"that":[47,162],"proposed":[49,102],"technique,":[50],"whilst":[51],"completely":[52],"reversible,":[53],"can":[54],"also":[55,134],"produce":[56],"watermarked":[58,107,143],"image":[59,80,154],"with":[60],"low":[61],"distortion.":[62],"realized":[65],"by":[66,156],"encoding":[67],"watermark":[69],"`smooth'":[72],"blocks":[73],"inside":[74],"region":[77],"through":[82,136],"eliminating":[83],"need":[85],"for":[86,90],"location":[87],"map":[88],"required":[89],"extracting":[91],"concealed":[93],"reconstructing":[96],"original":[98],"unmodified":[99],"image.":[100],"Our":[101],"scheme":[103],"delivers":[104],"highly":[105],"images,":[108],"at":[109],"92.9":[110],"-":[111],"97.98":[112],"dB":[113],"Peak":[114],"Signal":[115],"Noise":[117],"Ratio":[118],"(PSNR),":[119],"exceeds":[121],"others":[123],"approaches":[124],"presented":[125],"in":[126,167],"previous":[127],"studies.":[128],"Reliability":[129],"guaranteed":[135],"detecting":[137],"subsequent":[138],"modifications":[139],"applied":[140],"enhanced":[146],"security":[147],"measure,":[148],"therefore,":[149],"enables":[150],"detection":[152],"alterations,":[155],"approach,":[161],"may":[163],"offer":[164],"increased":[165],"confidence":[166],"digital":[169],"practices.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}