{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415970196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219164","title":"On the Impact of Terrain Types in Deep Neural Network-Based Surrogates of Radio Maps","display_name":"On the Impact of Terrain Types in Deep Neural Network-Based Surrogates of Radio Maps","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415970196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219164"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Fifteenth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking (ICMU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067225123","display_name":"Fukuharu Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8324-9455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129730","display_name":"RIKEN Center for Computational Science","ror":"https://ror.org/03r519674","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110652","https://openalex.org/I4210129730"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fukuharu Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIKEN Center for Computational Science,Kobe,Hyogo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIKEN Center for Computational Science,Kobe,Hyogo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129730"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101768344","display_name":"Takamasa Higuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9332-5335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137853","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02zqm6r10","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takamasa Higuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Motor Corporation,Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Motor Corporation,Chiyoda-ku,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088239600","display_name":"Masaki Takanashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293612202","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0pbv75","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165351","display_name":"Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05mjgqe69","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210165351"]}],"countries":["CH","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Takanashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc.,Bunkyo-ku,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165351","https://openalex.org/I1293612202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022543520","display_name":"Tatsuya Amano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8011-247X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11381156","display_name":"Osaka Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a8t1e98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11381156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Amano","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908","https://openalex.org/I11381156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013317917","display_name":"Hamada Rizk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-8801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11381156","display_name":"Osaka Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a8t1e98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11381156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamada Rizk","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908","https://openalex.org/I11381156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001032272","display_name":"Akira Uchiyama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7563-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11381156","display_name":"Osaka Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a8t1e98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11381156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Uchiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908","https://openalex.org/I11381156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053113350","display_name":"Akihito Hiromori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11381156","display_name":"Osaka Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a8t1e98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11381156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akihito Hiromori","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908","https://openalex.org/I11381156"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084448172","display_name":"Hirozumi Yamaguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2273-4876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11381156","display_name":"Osaka Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a8t1e98","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11381156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirozumi Yamaguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Osaka,Suita,Osaka,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908","https://openalex.org/I11381156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.6466000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.6466000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.05429999902844429,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.04899999871850014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6521999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation-model","display_name":"Radio propagation model","score":0.4237000048160553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6791999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6521999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5307999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76843793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation model","level":3,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.3449000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.32749998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Fifteenth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking (ICMU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054405892","https://openalex.org/W2299676078","https://openalex.org/W2967481278","https://openalex.org/W3045597443","https://openalex.org/W3131967102","https://openalex.org/W4378842735","https://openalex.org/W4387870206","https://openalex.org/W4392018943","https://openalex.org/W4392158864","https://openalex.org/W4393028566","https://openalex.org/W4402593509","https://openalex.org/W4413320611"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"maps,":[1],"encoding":[2],"wireless":[3,23,38,53],"propagation":[4,39,54,123],"characteristics":[5],"over":[6,59],"a":[7,15,33,75,111,135,190,198,212],"region":[8],"of":[9,22,27,84,102,134],"interest,":[10],"have":[11,72],"been":[12],"harnessed":[13],"as":[14,74],"powerful":[16],"tool":[17],"to":[18,48,62,93,99,109,140],"optimize":[19],"various":[20],"aspects":[21],"communication":[24],"systems.":[25],"Generation":[26],"wide-scale":[28],"radio":[29],"maps":[30],"is":[31,228],"often":[32],"time-consuming":[34],"process,":[35],"necessitating":[36],"extensive":[37],"simulations":[40],"and/or":[41],"measurement":[42],"campaigns.":[43],"This":[44,215],"hinders":[45],"its":[46,148],"applicability":[47],"vehicle-to-everything":[49],"(V2X)":[50],"communications,":[51],"where":[52,202],"environment":[55],"may":[56],"frequently":[57],"change":[58],"time":[60],"due":[61],"vehicle":[63],"mobility.":[64],"Surrogate":[65],"models":[66,87],"by":[67],"Deep":[68],"Neural":[69],"Networks":[70],"(DNNs)":[71],"emerged":[73],"potential":[76],"solution":[77],"for":[78,115,186],"low-latency":[79],"path-loss":[80,210],"estimation,":[81],"yet":[82],"most":[83],"the":[85,89,131,184,203,223],"existing":[86],"in":[88,147,173,193],"literature":[90],"are":[91,145],"tuned":[92],"specific":[94],"terrain":[95,143,207,217],"types,":[96],"lacking":[97],"generalizabity":[98],"different":[100],"kinds":[101],"terrains.":[103,165],"In":[104],"this":[105,126,194],"work,":[106],"we":[107,128,196],"aim":[108],"develop":[110],"terrain-aware":[112],"surrogate":[113],"model":[114,204,226],"radio-map":[116],"prediction":[117,170,220],"that":[118,169],"can":[119],"robustly":[120],"handle":[121],"diverse":[122],"environments.":[124],"To":[125],"end,":[127],"first":[129,191],"analyze":[130],"internal":[132],"behavior":[133],"state-of-the-art":[136],"DNN":[137],"backbone,":[138],"RadioUnet,":[139],"examine":[141],"how":[142],"types":[144],"reflected":[146],"latent":[149],"space.":[150],"Visualizing":[151],"bottleneck":[152],"features":[153],"with":[154],"UMAP":[155],"reveals":[156],"three":[157],"distinct":[158],"clusters\u2014urban":[159],"areas,":[160],"forested":[161],"plains,":[162],"and":[163,176,209],"sloped":[164],"We":[166],"also":[167],"observe":[168],"errors":[171],"increase":[172],"tree-covered":[174],"areas":[175],"near":[177],"steep":[178],"slopes":[179],"or":[180,225],"building":[181],"edges,":[182],"suggesting":[183],"need":[185],"terrain-specific":[187],"modeling.":[188],"As":[189],"step":[192],"direction,":[195],"introduce":[197],"simple":[199],"multitask":[200],"framework":[201],"jointly":[205],"predicts":[206],"class":[208],"using":[211],"shared":[213],"encoder.":[214],"explicit":[216],"supervision":[218],"improves":[219],"accuracy":[221],"when":[222],"dataset":[224],"size":[227],"small.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}