{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415970061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219152","title":"An Evaluation of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms in IoT-Blockchain Systems","display_name":"An Evaluation of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms in IoT-Blockchain Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415970061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219152"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Fifteenth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking (ICMU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120284007","display_name":"Ryota Takenouchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryota Takenouchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094226169","display_name":"Haruki Kurisaka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haruki Kurisaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084458566","display_name":"Yue Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8813-4198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077043884","display_name":"Kien Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0400-3084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kien Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021227619","display_name":"Hiroo Sekiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-1463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroo Sekiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.6590999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.6590999960899353,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.1881999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.025499999523162842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5533000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3691999912261963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8202000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5533000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3864000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165511393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252276","display_name":"Security of cryptographic hash functions","level":5,"score":0.3093999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9996903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749235","display_name":"Cryptographic nonce","level":3,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icmu65253.2025.11219152","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Fifteenth International Conference on Mobile Computing and Ubiquitous Networking (ICMU)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2791664942","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W3000833961","https://openalex.org/W4318301892","https://openalex.org/W4387789909","https://openalex.org/W4390938911"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"quantum":[1],"computing":[2],"threatens":[3],"the":[4,28,136,154],"security":[5],"of":[6,30,140],"traditional":[7],"cryptographic":[8],"algorithms":[9,51,72],"used":[10],"in":[11,32,130,153],"blockchain":[12,53],"systems,":[13],"integrating":[14],"post-quantum":[15,155],"cryptography":[16],"(PQC)":[17],"into":[18],"IoT-blockchain":[19,45,142],"environments":[20],"has":[21],"become":[22],"a":[23,42,127],"critical":[24],"research":[25],"direction.":[26],"However,":[27],"practicality":[29],"PQC":[31,50,71,122],"resource-constrained":[33],"IoT":[34],"devices":[35],"remains":[36],"largely":[37],"unexplored.":[38],"This":[39,133],"paper":[40],"presents":[41],"fully":[43],"operational":[44],"system":[46],"that":[47,95],"concurrently":[48],"runs":[49],"and":[52,62,67,76,78,86,89,108,114,144,150],"processes":[54],"on":[55,82],"Raspberry":[56],"Pi":[57],"4":[58],"nodes":[59],"using":[60],"Ethereum":[61],"Proof-of-Stake":[63],"consensus.":[64],"We":[65],"implement":[66],"evaluate":[68],"three":[69],"NIST-recommended":[70],"(i.e.,":[73],"Dilithium,":[74],"FALCON,":[75],"SPHINCS+)":[77],"assess":[79],"their":[80],"impact":[81,113],"CPU":[83],"utilization,":[84],"memory":[85],"disk":[87,131],"usage,":[88],"power":[90],"consumption.":[91],"The":[92],"results":[93],"show":[94],"SPHINCS+":[96],"introduces":[97],"significant":[98],"overhead":[99],"due":[100],"to":[101,126],"its":[102],"hash-based":[103],"signature":[104],"scheme,":[105],"whereas":[106],"Dilithium":[107],"FALCON":[109],"have":[110],"minimal":[111],"performance":[112],"are":[115],"more":[116],"suitable":[117],"for":[118,148],"constrained":[119],"environments.":[120],"All":[121],"algorithms,":[123],"however,":[124],"lead":[125],"notable":[128],"increase":[129],"usage.":[132],"study":[134],"provides":[135],"first":[137],"system-level":[138],"evaluation":[139],"PQC-integrated":[141],"platforms":[143],"offers":[145],"practical":[146],"insights":[147],"secure":[149],"efficient":[151],"deployment":[152],"era.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-11-06T00:00:00"}