{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138929120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact68090.2026.11431279","title":"Towards Cyber-by-Design Security for Digital Twins: Implementing Zero Trust Architecture","display_name":"Towards Cyber-by-Design Security for Digital Twins: Implementing Zero Trust Architecture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138929120","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact68090.2026.11431279"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact68090.2026.11431279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact68090.2026.11431279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 28th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114754936","display_name":"Nizar Choubik","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nizar Choubik","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056270591","display_name":"Abdelhadi Belfadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-4638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhadi Belfadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031009013","display_name":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me Letailleur","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jer\u00f4me Letailleur","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018344591","display_name":"Pierre-Marie Bajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierre-Marie Bajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041675503","display_name":"Stephen Creff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-4668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Creff","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103931450","display_name":"Amira Ben Hamida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018083178","display_name":"Institut de Recherche Technologique SystemX","ror":"https://ror.org/03crmsn52","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amira Ben Hamida","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRT SystemX,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018083178"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35751541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.4018000066280365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.4018000066280365,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.30320000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.05220000073313713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","score":0.5564000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.34060001373291016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.70660001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5720999836921692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5564000010490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5526999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.3824999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.31299999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777986313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661989","display_name":"Industry 4.0","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180198813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182","display_name":"Information system","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203043789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138461","display_name":"Digital economy","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact68090.2026.11431279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact68090.2026.11431279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 28th International Conference on Advanced Communications Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6078348159790039,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313328107","https://openalex.org/W4316042010","https://openalex.org/W4392183823","https://openalex.org/W4393990833","https://openalex.org/W4399711119","https://openalex.org/W4406922297"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Industry":[0],"4.0":[1],"has":[2],"positioned":[3],"digital":[4,48],"twins":[5],"as":[6],"key":[7],"enablers":[8],"for":[9],"real-time":[10],"monitoring,":[11],"simulation,":[12],"and":[13,80],"intelligent":[14],"decision-making":[15],"across":[16],"industrial":[17,62],"environments.":[18],"While":[19],"their":[20],"integration":[21],"enhances":[22],"operational":[23],"efficiency,":[24],"it":[25],"also":[26],"expands":[27],"the":[28,57],"attack":[29],"surface,":[30],"introducing":[31],"critical":[32],"cybersecurity":[33],"challenges.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"explores":[37],"recent":[38],"research":[39],"efforts":[40],"aimed":[41],"at":[42],"embedding":[43],"Zero":[44],"Trust":[45],"Architecture":[46],"into":[47],"twin":[49],"platforms,":[50],"promoting":[51],"a":[52],"cybersecurity-by-design":[53],"approach":[54],"tailored":[55],"to":[56,77],"needs":[58],"of":[59],"connected,":[60],"dynamic":[61],"systems.":[63],"The":[64],"proof-of-concept":[65],"is":[66],"implemented":[67],"within":[68],"an":[69],"Asset":[70],"Administration":[71],"Shell-based":[72],"opensource":[73],"software":[74],"infrastructure":[75],"dedicated":[76],"create,":[78],"deploy":[79],"monitor":[81],"Digital":[82],"Twins.":[83]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}