{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4220944500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact53585.2022.9728867","title":"Fixed\u2013Point Arithmetic for Implementing Massive MIMO Systems","display_name":"Fixed\u2013Point Arithmetic for Implementing Massive MIMO Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4220944500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact53585.2022.9728867"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact53585.2022.9728867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact53585.2022.9728867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608017","display_name":"2022 24th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 24th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083896454","display_name":"Mi Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2,Canada,P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2,Canada,P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057365306","display_name":"Mihai Sima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-5190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihai Sima","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2,Canada,P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2,Canada,P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072436975","display_name":"Michael McGuire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-959X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael McGuire","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2,Canada,P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2,Canada,P.O. Box 1700 Stn CSC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083896454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01490093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.714815080165863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.6929289698600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6117159128189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5698035359382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.5537617206573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5248751044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.48981043696403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.47008657455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-point-arithmetic","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","score":0.42026615142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.41015076637268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4079457223415375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.39786142110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.3844737708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.33958613872528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2815159559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21479949355125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1425192654132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11204466223716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.07062208652496338}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.714815080165863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6929289698600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6117159128189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5698035359382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.5537617206573486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5248751044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.48981043696403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.47008657455444336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163973906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649900","display_name":"Fixed-point arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.42026615142822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.41015076637268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4079457223415375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.39786142110824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.3844737708568573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.33958613872528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2815159559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21479949355125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1425192654132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11204466223716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.07062208652496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact53585.2022.9728867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact53585.2022.9728867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608017","display_name":"2022 24th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 24th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310932","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1507322379","https://openalex.org/W1809485340","https://openalex.org/W1995854415","https://openalex.org/W2032336035","https://openalex.org/W2076793873","https://openalex.org/W2087263172","https://openalex.org/W2087788281","https://openalex.org/W2120474114","https://openalex.org/W2140577326","https://openalex.org/W2478708596","https://openalex.org/W2533046718","https://openalex.org/W2554533970","https://openalex.org/W2620738205","https://openalex.org/W2781641819","https://openalex.org/W3117258547","https://openalex.org/W3133758211","https://openalex.org/W3140847110","https://openalex.org/W3149259355","https://openalex.org/W3158792238","https://openalex.org/W4210673018","https://openalex.org/W4239066252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206224488","https://openalex.org/W1935080020","https://openalex.org/W2062935593","https://openalex.org/W2288960809","https://openalex.org/W965527374","https://openalex.org/W2111431984","https://openalex.org/W2059483066","https://openalex.org/W4249587008","https://openalex.org/W4230766544","https://openalex.org/W1969845814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"MIMO":[1],"base":[2,34],"stations":[3,35],"are":[4],"expensive":[5],"to":[6,9,25,31,44,54,73,106],"build":[7,32],"due":[8,72],"the":[10,27,33,41,49,67,74,82,102,108,114,119,125],"requirement":[11],"for":[12,76,138],"a":[13],"large":[14],"number":[15],"of":[16,124,133],"RF":[17],"transceivers":[18],"and":[19,85,135,140],"high-resolution":[20],"analog-to-digital":[21],"converters.":[22],"A":[23],"way":[24],"reduce":[26],"implementation":[28],"cost":[29],"is":[30,62,96,118],"with":[36,93,131],"inexpensive":[37],"hardware,":[38],"resulting":[39],"in":[40,88],"received":[42],"signals":[43],"be":[45,129],"coarsely":[46],"quantized.":[47],"First,":[48],"required":[50],"signal":[51,69],"power":[52,70],"needed":[53,71,105],"achieve":[55],"different":[56],"receiver":[57,126],"Bit-Error":[58],"Rate":[59],"(BER)":[60],"levels":[61],"determined,":[63],"as":[64,66],"well":[65],"extra":[68],"quantization":[75],"given":[77],"BER":[78,109],"levels.":[79,112],"To":[80],"implement":[81],"data":[83],"detection":[84],"decoding":[86],"process":[87],"real":[89],"time,":[90],"fixed-point":[91],"arithmetic":[92],"reduced":[94],"precision":[95],"used.":[97],"This":[98],"article":[99],"also":[100],"reports":[101],"minimum":[103],"wordlength":[104],"maintain":[107],"at":[110],"acceptable":[111],"Specifically,":[113],"eigenvalue":[115],"decomposition,":[116],"which":[117],"most":[120],"computationally":[121],"demanding":[122],"portion":[123],"algorithm,":[127],"can":[128],"calculated":[130],"wordlengths":[132],"7":[134],"10":[136],"bits":[137],"eigenvectors":[139],"eigenvalues,":[141],"respectively.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
