{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016157268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact48636.2020.9061540","title":"Spatial Modulation Based Color-Intensity Shift Keying in VLC System","display_name":"Spatial Modulation Based Color-Intensity Shift Keying in VLC System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016157268","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact48636.2020.9061540","mag":"3016157268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact48636.2020.9061540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact48636.2020.9061540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 22nd International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090361322","display_name":"Xiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-2551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Mechatronic Engineering and Control, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Mechatronic Engineering and Control, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022366386","display_name":"Xiaopeng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-5429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Mechatronic Engineering and Control, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Mechatronic Engineering and Control, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083419277","display_name":"Zhiquan Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-3691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiquan Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090361322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02819295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"114","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.8285626173019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude-and-phase-shift-keying","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","score":0.7052914500236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.691279411315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.6585748791694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.6302094459533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5866118669509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.584443986415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5434056520462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-position-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","score":0.4482802748680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation","display_name":"Intensity modulation","score":0.4421069622039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3735106587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37161242961883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3112432360649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.21387431025505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.185320645570755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.1631336212158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11832508444786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10758376121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10516992211341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.056175827980041504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.8285626173019409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127240579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477229","display_name":"Amplitude and phase-shift keying","level":5,"score":0.7052914500236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.691279411315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.6585748791694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.6302094459533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5866118669509888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.584443986415863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5434056520462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.4482802748680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48925448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044344","display_name":"Intensity modulation","level":4,"score":0.4421069622039795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3735106587409973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37161242961883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3112432360649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.21387431025505066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.185320645570755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.1631336212158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11832508444786072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10758376121520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10516992211341858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.056175827980041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact48636.2020.9061540","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact48636.2020.9061540","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 22nd International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525212576","https://openalex.org/W1530260903","https://openalex.org/W1966393174","https://openalex.org/W1972200331","https://openalex.org/W1995035811","https://openalex.org/W2050593436","https://openalex.org/W2057571928","https://openalex.org/W2111854329","https://openalex.org/W2120537910","https://openalex.org/W2125446515","https://openalex.org/W2140804280","https://openalex.org/W2149329661","https://openalex.org/W2295559644","https://openalex.org/W2463918284","https://openalex.org/W2792494660","https://openalex.org/W2885007793","https://openalex.org/W2949835790","https://openalex.org/W3159913259","https://openalex.org/W4247687131","https://openalex.org/W6631612879","https://openalex.org/W6649292562"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1201724995","https://openalex.org/W1976332733","https://openalex.org/W4400390723","https://openalex.org/W2300518202","https://openalex.org/W2920051896","https://openalex.org/W1604499550","https://openalex.org/W2020246755","https://openalex.org/W2049012800","https://openalex.org/W2570657523","https://openalex.org/W3010546836"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,58],"modulation":[4,9,35,101,106],"scheme":[5,26,80,96],"referred":[6],"as":[7],"spatial":[8,54],"based":[10,83],"color-intensity":[11],"shift":[12,30],"keying":[13,31],"(SM":[14,102],"CISK)":[15],"is":[16,81],"proposed":[17,25,79,95],"for":[18,68],"visible":[19],"light":[20],"communication":[21],"(VLC)":[22],"systems.":[23],"The":[24,72],"amalgamates":[27],"conventional":[28],"color":[29],"(CSK),":[32],"pulse":[33],"amplitude":[34],"(PAM),":[36],"and":[37,52,104],"SM":[38],"together":[39],"to":[40,63],"efficiently":[41],"exploit":[42],"the":[43,48,50,53,65,69,78,85,94,98],"degrees":[44],"of":[45,77],"freedom":[46],"in":[47],"color,":[49],"intensity,":[51],"domains.":[55],"It":[56],"maintains":[57],"constant":[59],"average":[60],"transmit":[61],"power":[62],"fulfill":[64],"non-flickering":[66],"requirement":[67],"normal":[70],"illumination.":[71],"bit":[73],"error":[74],"rate":[75],"(BER)":[76],"studied":[82],"on":[84],"maximal":[86],"likelihood":[87],"(ML)":[88],"detection.":[89],"Simulation":[90],"results":[91],"verify":[92],"that":[93],"outperforms":[97],"joint":[99],"color-and-spatial":[100],"CSK)":[103],"CISK":[105],"scheme.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}