{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943636671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701996","title":"Towards the Application of Blockchain technology for Smart Grids in Kazakhstan","display_name":"Towards the Application of Blockchain technology for Smart Grids in Kazakhstan","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943636671","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701996","mag":"2943636671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact.2019.8701996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701996","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046736522","display_name":"Dinar Orazgaliyev","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dinar Orazgaliyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012454057","display_name":"Yerbolat Lukpanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yerbolat Lukpanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001976415","display_name":"Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-8969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikechi A. Ukaegbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005872041","display_name":"H. S. V. S. Kumar Nunna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2918-8743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. S. V. Sivanand Kumar Nunna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Nazarbayev University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046736522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94936353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"273","last_page":"278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9686999917030334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.8442082405090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6821156740188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.6703992486000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.6607981324195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6348685622215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5719692707061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5209368467330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5008635520935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.44030100107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.4189436733722687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.29142868518829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.19986256957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14970886707305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10172861814498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09405344724655151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.8442082405090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6821156740188599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.6703992486000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6607981324195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6348685622215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5719692707061768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5209368467330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5008635520935059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.44030100107192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.4189436733722687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.29142868518829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.19986256957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14970886707305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10172861814498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09405344724655151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact.2019.8701996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701996","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978130525","https://openalex.org/W2041279153","https://openalex.org/W2079695877","https://openalex.org/W2108455319","https://openalex.org/W2735430520","https://openalex.org/W2738122318","https://openalex.org/W2744353112","https://openalex.org/W2758361015","https://openalex.org/W2766555291","https://openalex.org/W2784523327","https://openalex.org/W2787594873","https://openalex.org/W2799059781","https://openalex.org/W2802219065","https://openalex.org/W2807177444","https://openalex.org/W2808071674","https://openalex.org/W2885034081","https://openalex.org/W3148500559","https://openalex.org/W6741643636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297798448","https://openalex.org/W4388187043","https://openalex.org/W4396713893","https://openalex.org/W4285161539","https://openalex.org/W2982625131","https://openalex.org/W4396636834","https://openalex.org/W3092627261","https://openalex.org/W4396241386","https://openalex.org/W4399333949","https://openalex.org/W4285166115"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13,108,127,210],"concept":[1],"of":[2,15,59,69,97,111,120,142,168,177,188,217],"smart":[3,32,70,99,125,131,218,221],"grid":[4,22,33,36,43,71,100,222],"infrastructure":[5],"is":[6,37,45,65,114,130,158,185,195,206],"already":[7],"being":[8],"implemented":[9],"and":[10,94,139,156,166,200],"progressing":[11],"rapidly.":[12],"number":[14],"countries":[16],"are":[17],"transforming":[18],"the":[19,31,80,89,92,98,121,164,169,175],"traditional":[20],"power":[21,42,61],"so":[23],"that":[24],"it":[25],"will":[26],"be":[27,172],"able":[28],"to":[29,47,74,84,88,106,115,136],"maintain":[30],"requirements.":[34],"Smart":[35],"known":[38],"as":[39],"an":[40],"evolutionary":[41],"which":[44,72],"proposed":[46,211],"make":[48],"intelligent":[49],"decisions":[50],"on":[51,55,202],"its":[52],"own":[53],"based":[54,191],"a":[56,66],"current":[57],"state":[58],"electrical":[60],"system.":[62],"Microgrid":[63],"(MG)":[64],"\"building":[67],"block\"":[68],"supposed":[73],"provide":[75],"wider":[76],"control":[77,96],"capability":[78],"into":[79],"system,":[81],"thus":[82],"allowing":[83],"operate":[85],"without":[86,145],"connection":[87],"grid.":[90,126],"However,":[91],"remote":[93],"autonomous":[95],"may":[101],"result":[102],"in":[103,124,197,208,220],"problems":[104],"related":[105],"security.":[107],"main":[109],"purpose":[110],"this":[112],"paper":[113,161],"consider":[116],"various":[117],"application":[118,176],"scenarios":[119],"Blockchain":[122,178],"technology":[123],"utmost":[128],"example":[129],"contract":[132],"feature.":[133],"It":[134],"allows":[135],"reduce":[137],"cost":[138],"increase":[140],"security":[141,165],"trading":[143,193,204],"operations":[144],"including":[146],"third":[147],"parties.":[148],"In":[149],"other":[150],"words,":[151],"direct":[152],"communication":[153],"between":[154],"seller":[155],"consumer":[157],"implemented.":[159],"Particularly,":[160],"explain":[162],"how":[163],"resilience":[167],"system":[170],"can":[171],"improved":[173],"by":[174],"technology.":[179],"Furthermore,":[180],"decentralized":[181],"machine-to-machine":[182],"interaction":[183],"scheme":[184],"proposed.":[186],"First":[187],"all,":[189],"auction":[190],"electricity":[192,203],"platform":[194],"established":[196],"Jade":[198],"platform,":[199],"further":[201],"history":[205],"stored":[207],"blockchain.":[209],"case":[212],"study":[213],"shows":[214],"implementation":[215],"possibility":[216],"contracts":[219],"environment.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}