{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2943288425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701989","title":"Virtual Power Plant in Industry 4.0: The Strategic Planning of Emerging Virtual Power Plant in Kazakhstan","display_name":"Virtual Power Plant in Industry 4.0: The Strategic Planning of Emerging Virtual Power Plant in Kazakhstan","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2943288425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701989","mag":"2943288425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact.2019.8701989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058144884","display_name":"Madina Kenzhina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Madina Kenzhina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061700829","display_name":"Ileskhan Kalysh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ileskhan Kalysh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001976415","display_name":"Ikechi Augustine Ukaegbu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-8969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikechi Ukaegbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045045902","display_name":"Sivanand K. Nunna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","display_name":"Nazarbayev University","ror":"https://ror.org/052bx8q98","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivanand K. Nunna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058144884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77847902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"600","last_page":"605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-power-plant","display_name":"Virtual power plant","score":0.95622718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7216968536376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prosumer","display_name":"Prosumer","score":0.5586564540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5426505208015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5231315493583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-station","display_name":"Power station","score":0.504564642906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-industry","display_name":"Electric power industry","score":0.46296098828315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.44583630561828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4413456618785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.42502039670944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.4225984215736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4187449812889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4132479727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4110351502895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.37687304615974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3761644959449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3485182523727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3405040502548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.2682390511035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1840636432170868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.15066462755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12590870261192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.08728939294815063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776033628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785102","display_name":"Virtual power plant","level":4,"score":0.95622718334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7216968536376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779939747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145220","display_name":"Prosumer","level":3,"score":0.5586564540863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5426505208015442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5231315493583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4311470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159719","display_name":"Power station","level":2,"score":0.504564642906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170777988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2316331","display_name":"Electric power industry","level":3,"score":0.46296098828315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.44583630561828613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4413456618785858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.42502039670944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.4225984215736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4187449812889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4132479727268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4110351502895355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.37687304615974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3761644959449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3485182523727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3405040502548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.2682390511035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1840636432170868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.15066462755203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12590870261192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08728939294815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icact.2019.8701989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icact.2019.8701989","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 21st International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3037826921","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=201902277869013203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573709864","https://openalex.org/W1997014544","https://openalex.org/W2042050584","https://openalex.org/W2155049278","https://openalex.org/W2182043486","https://openalex.org/W2202006435","https://openalex.org/W2317347068","https://openalex.org/W2508933161","https://openalex.org/W2562777487","https://openalex.org/W2735432179","https://openalex.org/W2735477417","https://openalex.org/W6682885344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003575702","https://openalex.org/W2981338881","https://openalex.org/W2007208597","https://openalex.org/W2546709070","https://openalex.org/W2042050584","https://openalex.org/W2462816660","https://openalex.org/W2942888652","https://openalex.org/W2038934388","https://openalex.org/W2766523802","https://openalex.org/W3169637305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"in":[1,92,109],"the":[2,11,19,22,34,86,90,104,110,126,154,159,167,180],"era":[3],"of":[4,10,21,38,58,63,112,128,138,147,158,166,183],"Industry":[5],"4.0":[6],"with":[7],"total":[8],"automation":[9],"cloud":[12],"data":[13],"bus":[14],"and":[15,36,46,61,94,106,132,144,177],"domestic":[16],"energy":[17,142],"production":[18],"concept":[20],"Virtual":[23],"Power":[24],"Plant":[25],"(VPP)":[26],"is":[27,53,70,119,185],"entering":[28],"global":[29],"power":[30,40,64,79,169],"sector":[31],"to":[32,54,72,84,95,122,136,163,174,178],"facilitate":[33,175],"integration":[35],"management":[37],"distributed":[39],"units":[41,68],"relying":[42],"on":[43,103,125],"real-time":[44],"communication":[45],"uniform":[47],"control.":[48],"The":[49],"motivation":[50],"behind":[51],"VPP":[52,91,124,160],"solve":[55],"a":[56],"problem":[57],"variable":[59],"profile":[60],"uncertainty":[62],"generated":[65],"by":[66],"DG":[67],"that":[69,117],"found":[71],"be":[73],"challenging":[74],"when":[75],"building":[76],"reliable":[77],"DG-aided":[78],"plant.":[80],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"aims":[83],"propose":[85],"potential":[87],"location":[88],"for":[89,99],"Kazakhstan":[93],"recommend":[96],"roadmap":[97],"planning":[98],"its":[100],"realization":[101],"based":[102],"results":[105],"estimates":[107],"conducted":[108],"scope":[111],"simulations.":[113],"It":[114],"was":[115],"revealed":[116,152],"there":[118],"promising":[120],"possibility":[121],"locate":[123],"territory":[127],"South":[129],"Kazakhstan,":[130],"Jambyl":[131],"Almaty":[133],"regions":[134],"due":[135],"concentration":[137],"high":[139],"capacity":[140],"renewable":[141,168],"plants":[143],"efficient":[145],"operation":[146],"Energy":[148],"Management":[149],"System":[150],"(EMS)":[151],"from":[153],"simulation":[155],"results.":[156],"Emergence":[157],"may":[161],"contribute":[162],"further":[164],"development":[165],"grid":[170],"provided":[171],"financial":[172],"aid":[173],"technologies":[176],"promote":[179],"prosumer":[181],"status":[182],"households":[184],"attracted.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-19T08:26:33.389920","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}