{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211410899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594161","title":"Gait Phase Detection Based on a Foot-Mounted Inertial Sensor Using Long Short-Term Memory Enhanced by Hidden Markov Model","display_name":"Gait Phase Detection Based on a Foot-Mounted Inertial Sensor Using Long Short-Term Memory Enhanced by Hidden Markov Model","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211410899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594161","mag":"3211410899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102850681","display_name":"Zhipeng Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4526-8217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100853003","display_name":"Jianghai Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015699781","display_name":"Xiong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-5975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022477074","display_name":"Kun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5813-5093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411366","display_name":"Yu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-5853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153482","display_name":"Changzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ymgwq66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8839284181594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.8451974987983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6916328072547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait-analysis","display_name":"Gait analysis","score":0.6076326966285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6028125882148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-reaction-force","display_name":"Ground reaction force","score":0.5526280999183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5317220687866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.500314474105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4711049199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40348100662231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3875495195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3294858932495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16686835885047913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.11079522967338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.10040101408958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.0504896342754364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8839284181594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.8451974987983704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6916328072547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.6076326966285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6028125882148743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96332660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610971","display_name":"Ground reaction force","level":3,"score":0.5526280999183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5317220687866211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.500314474105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4711049199104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40348100662231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3875495195388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3294858932495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16686835885047913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.11079522967338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.10040101408958435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0504896342754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/icac50006.2021.9594161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 26th International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999098835","https://openalex.org/W2222399534","https://openalex.org/W2525083240","https://openalex.org/W2527859191","https://openalex.org/W2607278120","https://openalex.org/W2889494239","https://openalex.org/W2911675408","https://openalex.org/W2947092242","https://openalex.org/W2954210324","https://openalex.org/W3040060311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3017293403","https://openalex.org/W2133973503","https://openalex.org/W2295597290","https://openalex.org/W2471060339","https://openalex.org/W2111603423","https://openalex.org/W2148547327","https://openalex.org/W4226236273","https://openalex.org/W2125892956","https://openalex.org/W2790560349","https://openalex.org/W3082879976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gait":[0],"phase":[1,16,37,119],"detection":[2,13,38],"provides":[3],"necessary":[4],"temporal":[5],"parameters":[6],"for":[7,117],"gait":[8,15,18,36,57,118],"analysis.":[9],"Accurate":[10],"but":[11],"low-cost":[12],"of":[14,104,113],"makes":[17],"analysis":[19],"reliable":[20],"and":[21,42,46,71,93,102,121,124],"easy":[22],"to":[23,34,75],"use.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"work,":[27],"we":[28],"apply":[29],"hidden":[30],"Markov":[31],"model":[32,54,79,108,116],"(HMM)":[33],"improve":[35],"based":[39],"on":[40,80],"long":[41],"short-term":[43],"memory":[44],"(LSTM),":[45],"propose":[47],"a":[48,63],"hybrid":[49,106],"LSTM/HMM":[50,107],"model.":[51],"Our":[52],"proposed":[53,78],"detects":[55],"four":[56],"phases":[58],"by":[59],"taking":[60],"signals":[61],"from":[62],"foot":[64],"mounted":[65],"inertial":[66],"sensor":[67],"as":[68],"input.":[69],"Sensitivity":[70],"specificity":[72,103],"are":[73],"adopted":[74],"evaluate":[76],"our":[77],"five":[81],"different":[82],"terrains":[83],"including":[84],"level":[85],"ground,":[86],"ramp":[87,89],"ascent,":[88],"decent,":[90],"up":[91],"stair":[92,95],"down":[94],"terrains.":[96],"From":[97],"the":[98,100,105,114],"results,":[99],"sensitivity":[101],"significant":[109],"outperformed":[110],"than":[111],"those":[112],"LSTM-based":[115],"detection,":[120],"reached":[122],"96.83%":[123],"99.08%,":[125],"respectively.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
