{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379619677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fruct58615.2023.10143059","title":"Contactless Oxygen Saturation Detection Based on Face Analysis: An Approach and Case Study","display_name":"Contactless Oxygen Saturation Detection Based on Face Analysis: An Approach and Case Study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379619677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fruct58615.2023.10143059"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/fruct58615.2023.10143059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fruct58615.2023.10143059","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 33rd Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043439953","display_name":"Batol Hamoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-7440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165514","display_name":"Photochemistry Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05s61gx60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145551","https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Batol Hamoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPC RAS,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","SPC RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPC RAS,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPC RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022608342","display_name":"Walaa Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8581-1333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165514","display_name":"Photochemistry Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05s61gx60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145551","https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walaa Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPC RAS,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","SPC RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPC RAS,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPC RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013616253","display_name":"Nikolay Shilov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9264-9127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165514","display_name":"Photochemistry Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05s61gx60","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145551","https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolay Shilov","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPC RAS,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","SPC RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPC RAS,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPC RAS, Saint-Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165514"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016499776","display_name":"Alexey Kashevnik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6503-1447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173089394","display_name":"ITMO University","ror":"https://ror.org/04txgxn49","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197524780","display_name":"Petrozavodsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0176aa147","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197524780"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Kashevnik","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITMO University,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia","ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITMO University,Saint-Petersburg,Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197524780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173089394"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"54","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6636855602264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6579853892326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6440473794937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-error","display_name":"Mean absolute error","score":0.6010724902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pearson-product-moment-correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","score":0.591545581817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5228446125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5145941972732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.48410236835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4791552424430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-saturation","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","score":0.46873363852500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.4427734315395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.30936920642852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.2980717718601227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen","display_name":"Oxygen","score":0.18525627255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18071779608726501}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6636855602264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6579853892326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6440473794937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.6010724902153015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.591545581817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5228446125984192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5145941972732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.48410236835479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4791552424430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76538665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294669","display_name":"Oxygen saturation","level":3,"score":0.46873363852500916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4427734315395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.30936920642852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.2980717718601227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.18525627255439758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18071779608726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/fruct58615.2023.10143059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fruct58615.2023.10143059","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 33rd Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7dc00f718b98496582b8db3a60b37a5a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7dc00f718b98496582b8db3a60b37a5a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the XXth Conference of Open Innovations Association FRUCT, Vol 33, Iss 1, Pp 54-62 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6499999761581421,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8698007363","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18-71-10065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","display_name":"Russian Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2gwe85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016778993","https://openalex.org/W2024811422","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2098502158","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2398151908","https://openalex.org/W2766766681","https://openalex.org/W2896102525","https://openalex.org/W2904703014","https://openalex.org/W2978980299","https://openalex.org/W2982196965","https://openalex.org/W2987201163","https://openalex.org/W3009738517","https://openalex.org/W3040777582","https://openalex.org/W3094393010","https://openalex.org/W3104300620","https://openalex.org/W3126479760","https://openalex.org/W3184998487","https://openalex.org/W4206904594","https://openalex.org/W4311387106","https://openalex.org/W4315783763","https://openalex.org/W4319320165","https://openalex.org/W4391728302","https://openalex.org/W6745663865","https://openalex.org/W6807596175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013810674","https://openalex.org/W2560331580","https://openalex.org/W2123233148","https://openalex.org/W2591818399","https://openalex.org/W2016874414","https://openalex.org/W2793350103","https://openalex.org/W4306698125","https://openalex.org/W3123632890","https://openalex.org/W3016472996","https://openalex.org/W2321915572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,21,96,99,106,136,156,168,180,185],"the":[2,18,24,29,93,104,107,129,154,157,178,181,191],"most":[3],"essential":[4],"physiological":[5],"indicators":[6],"for":[7,116],"a":[8,39,64],"human":[9],"health":[10],"is":[11,17,35],"oxygen":[12,27],"saturation":[13],"level":[14],"(SpO2).":[15],"It":[16],"primary":[19],"determinant":[20],"how":[22],"efficiently":[23],"body":[25],"transfers":[26],"from":[28,92],"lungs":[30],"to":[31,72,89,127,177],"blood":[32],"cells.":[33],"SpO2":[34,44,74,115,169],"typically":[36],"measured":[37],"with":[38,170],"pulse":[40],"oximeter,":[41],"however,":[42],"non-contact":[43],"estimate":[45,73],"approaches":[46],"based":[47,67],"on":[48,68],"face":[49],"or":[50],"hand":[51],"videos":[52],"have":[53],"gained":[54],"popularity":[55],"in":[56,112,122],"recent":[57],"years.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"proposed":[63],"novel":[65],"approach":[66,79],"machine":[69],"learning":[70],"concepts":[71],"using":[75,193],"facial":[76],"videos.":[77],"Our":[78],"includes":[80],"exploring":[81],"several":[82],"pre-trained":[83],"convolutional":[84],"neural":[85],"networks":[86],"(CNN)":[87],"models":[88,132,164,192],"extract":[90],"features":[91],"consecutive":[94],"images":[95],"different":[97,118],"regions":[98],"interest":[100],"(ROI),":[101],"followed":[102],"by":[103],"training":[105],"XGBoost":[108],"Regressor":[109],"model,":[110],"which":[111,140],"turn":[113],"predicts":[114],"three":[117,131,144],"test":[119],"sets":[120],"included":[121],"our":[123,137,162],"research.":[124],"We":[125],"managed":[126],"determine":[128],"best":[130],"through":[133],"multiple":[134],"stages":[135],"testing":[138,182,190],"process,":[139],"took":[141],"into":[142],"account":[143],"metrics:":[145],"mean":[146],"absolute":[147],"error":[148],"(MAE),":[149],"Pearson's":[150],"correlation":[151],"coefficient,":[152],"and":[153,173,187,195],"shape":[155],"predicted":[158],"samples":[159],"distribution.":[160],"However,":[161],"final":[163],"achieved":[165],"contactless":[166],"estimations":[167],"decent":[171],"accuracy":[172],"high":[174],"performance":[175],"according":[176],"results":[179],"process":[183],"(MAE":[184],"1.17":[186],"0.84":[188],"when":[189],"VIPL-HR":[194],"UBFC-RPPG":[196],"datasets,":[197],"respectively).":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2023-06-08T00:00:00"}
