{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2761029450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056808","title":"Comparison of hardware and software implementations of selected lightweight block ciphers","display_name":"Comparison of hardware and software implementations of selected lightweight block ciphers","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2761029450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056808","mag":"2761029450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/fpl.2017.8056808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 27th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074339356","display_name":"William Diehl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6293-5018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Diehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011989344","display_name":"Farnoud Farahmand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnoud Farahmand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055356305","display_name":"Panasayya Yalla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panasayya Yalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039598410","display_name":"Jens-Peter Kaps","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens-Peter Kaps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004924763","display_name":"Kris Gaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5050-8748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kris Gaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074339356"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95516054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7729702591896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6207985281944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.611265242099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5698952078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.5572731494903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5554795265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.5360676646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurable-computing","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","score":0.5281201601028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4865095019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4763627052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.441841185092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3665323853492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23855072259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07435747981071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.073924720287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.07074251770973206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7729702591896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6207985281944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.611265242099762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5698952078819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.5572731494903564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5554795265197754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.5360676646232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142962650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240838","display_name":"Reconfigurable computing","level":3,"score":0.5281201601028442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4865095019340515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4763627052307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.441841185092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3665323853492737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23855072259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07435747981071472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.073924720287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.07074251770973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/fpl.2017.8056808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 27th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511378164","https://openalex.org/W1638546798","https://openalex.org/W1774261413","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1987476244","https://openalex.org/W2087928947","https://openalex.org/W2141124495","https://openalex.org/W2159327690","https://openalex.org/W2281420557","https://openalex.org/W2344782235","https://openalex.org/W2400329567","https://openalex.org/W2557137489","https://openalex.org/W2765849190","https://openalex.org/W3028635762","https://openalex.org/W4389476519","https://openalex.org/W6630548010","https://openalex.org/W6705065176","https://openalex.org/W6777721742","https://openalex.org/W6858992510"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388857716","https://openalex.org/W1612076744","https://openalex.org/W2126857316","https://openalex.org/W2152074211","https://openalex.org/W2129019972","https://openalex.org/W3164085601","https://openalex.org/W1522032972","https://openalex.org/W2113308450","https://openalex.org/W2139962137","https://openalex.org/W3139915793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lightweight":[0],"block":[1],"ciphers":[2,28],"are":[3,117,183],"an":[4,155],"important":[5],"topic":[6],"of":[7,12,15,41,47,52,65,79,128,158,163],"research":[8],"in":[9,29,62,96,105,119],"the":[10,13,108,144,198],"context":[11],"Internet":[14],"Things":[16],"(IoT).":[17],"Current":[18],"cryptographic":[19],"contests":[20],"and":[21,32,44,54,67,94,104,114,135,141,150,192],"standardization":[22],"efforts":[23],"seek":[24],"to":[25,60],"benchmark":[26],"lightweight":[27,48,82],"both":[30,42],"hardware":[31,43,53,97,113,149,187],"software.":[33],"Although":[34],"there":[35],"have":[36,143,189],"been":[37],"several":[38],"benchmarking":[39],"studies":[40],"software":[45,55,106,115,151,166,195],"implementations":[46,56,116,167,188,196],"ciphers,":[49,88],"direct":[50,126,164],"comparison":[51,76,127],"is":[57],"difficult":[58],"due":[59],"differences":[61],"metrics,":[63],"measures":[64],"effectiveness,":[66],"implementation":[68],"platforms.":[69],"In":[70,161],"this":[71,75],"research,":[72],"we":[73],"facilitate":[74],"by":[77],"use":[78,173],"a":[80],"custom":[81,109,186],"reconfigurable":[83,110,170,179],"processor.":[84,111],"We":[85],"implement":[86],"six":[87],"AES,":[89],"SIMON,":[90],"SPECK,":[91],"PRESENT,":[92],"LED":[93],"TWINE,":[95],"using":[98,107],"register":[99],"transfer":[100],"level":[101],"(RTL)":[102],"design,":[103],"Both":[112],"instantiated":[118],"identical":[120],"Xilinx":[121],"Kintex-7":[122],"FPGAs,":[123],"which":[124],"enables":[125],"throughput,":[129],"area,":[130],"throughput-to-area":[131],"(TP/A)":[132],"ratio,":[133],"power,":[134],"energy.":[136],"Results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"TWINE":[140],"AES":[142],"highest":[145],"TP/A":[146],"ratios":[147],"for":[148],"implementations,":[152],"respectively,":[153],"assuming":[154],"area":[156],"target":[157],"300\u2013450":[159],"LUTs.":[160],"terms":[162],"comparison,":[165],"on":[168,197],"tailored":[169],"processers":[171],"generally":[172],"less":[174],"power":[175],"\u2014":[176],"especially":[177],"where":[178],"instruction":[180],"set":[181],"extensions":[182],"permitted.":[184],"However,":[185],"higher":[190],"throughput":[191],"energy-efficiency":[193],"than":[194],"same":[199],"platform.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
