{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2762028946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056807","title":"Quantifying and mitigating the costs of FPGA virtualization","display_name":"Quantifying and mitigating the costs of FPGA virtualization","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2762028946","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056807","mag":"2762028946"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/fpl.2017.8056807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 27th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035517387","display_name":"Sadegh Yazdanshenas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1044-4460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadegh Yazdanshenas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030184404","display_name":"Vaughn Betz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0528-6493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaughn Betz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0755,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92719389,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.8552764058113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7649871110916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764030933380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6747000813484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6431857347488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porting","display_name":"Porting","score":0.5742259621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5200771689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4264354109764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2982094883918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.11592471599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07211387157440186}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.8552764058113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7649871110916138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764030933380127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6747000813484192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6431857347488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.5742259621620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5200771689414978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4264354109764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2982094883918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.11592471599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07211387157440186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/fpl.2017.8056807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/fpl.2017.8056807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 27th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1644436786","https://openalex.org/W1969449685","https://openalex.org/W1974751828","https://openalex.org/W1976878754","https://openalex.org/W2005602803","https://openalex.org/W2026844540","https://openalex.org/W2043542037","https://openalex.org/W2046105216","https://openalex.org/W2076069927","https://openalex.org/W2082295213","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2272300165","https://openalex.org/W2523891007","https://openalex.org/W2542189141","https://openalex.org/W2583220202","https://openalex.org/W2614193845","https://openalex.org/W2735901615","https://openalex.org/W2747664609","https://openalex.org/W4239385313","https://openalex.org/W4248265791","https://openalex.org/W4256629673","https://openalex.org/W6693859313"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356602486","https://openalex.org/W2351992668","https://openalex.org/W2324828474","https://openalex.org/W2374315191","https://openalex.org/W2391207559","https://openalex.org/W2384715785","https://openalex.org/W2349624418","https://openalex.org/W2064459023","https://openalex.org/W3146360095","https://openalex.org/W2184011203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"FPGAs":[0,87,180],"are":[1],"being":[2],"incorporated":[3],"into":[4],"contemporary":[5],"datacenters":[6,22],"in":[7,21,88,111,177],"order":[8],"to":[9,42,47,52,56,153,159],"improve":[10],"computational":[11],"capacity,":[12],"power":[13],"consumption,":[14],"and":[15,34,99,118,134,155,169],"processing":[16],"latency.":[17],"Efficiently":[18],"integrating":[19],"FP-GAs":[20],"is,":[23],"however,":[24,105],"quite":[25],"challenging.":[26],"Ideally,":[27],"smaller":[28],"tasks":[29],"could":[30],"share":[31],"a":[32],"device":[33,46],"the":[35,45,70,89,129,147,164,172],"cloud":[36,90],"management":[37],"layer":[38],"would":[39,91,181],"be":[40,78],"able":[41],"partially":[43],"reconfigure":[44],"allocate":[48],"its":[49],"free":[50],"resources":[51,95],"incoming":[53],"tasks.":[54],"Moreover,":[55],"facilitate":[57,182],"FPGA":[58,132,139,183],"hardware":[59],"upgrades":[60],"without":[61,185],"undue":[62],"porting":[63],"effort":[64],"for":[65,137],"previously":[66],"developed":[67],"accelerator":[68],"tasks,":[69,144],"complexities":[71],"associated":[72],"with":[73,96,107],"board-specific":[74],"system-level":[75],"integration":[76],"should":[77],"abstracted":[79],"away":[80],"from":[81],"designers.":[82],"By":[83],"meeting":[84],"these":[85,167],"requirements,":[86],"become":[92],"multi-user":[93],"virtualized":[94],"increased":[97],"availability":[98],"elasticity.":[100],"The":[101],"virtualization":[102,133,145,184],"of":[103,121,131,166,174],"FPGAs,":[104],"comes":[106],"two":[108],"major":[109],"costs":[110,130,168],"current":[112],"FPGAs:":[113],"lower":[114],"application":[115],"operating":[116,187],"frequency,":[117],"extravagant":[119],"use":[120,173],"routing":[122,190],"resources.":[123,191],"In":[124],"this":[125],"paper,":[126],"we":[127],"quantify":[128],"demonstrate":[135],"that":[136,140,171],"an":[138],"supports":[141],"four":[142],"independent":[143],"reduces":[146],"task":[148],"average":[149],"frequency":[150,188],"by":[151],"18%":[152],"46%":[154],"increases":[156],"wire":[157],"usage":[158],"2.6\u00d7.":[160],"We":[161],"also":[162],"investigate":[163],"cause":[165],"show":[170],"hard":[175],"NoCs":[176],"future":[178],"datacenter-optimized":[179],"sacrificing":[186],"or":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}