{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205418800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615999","title":"HMM-based Detection of Head Nods to Evaluate Conversational Engagement from Head Motion Data","display_name":"HMM-based Detection of Head Nods to Evaluate Conversational Engagement from Head Motion Data","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205418800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607854","display_name":"2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018216740","display_name":"Saygin Artiran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-6074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160856358","display_name":"University of San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbbze48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saygin Artiran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081829595","display_name":"Leanne Chukoskie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4041-3646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leanne Chukoskie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042115211","display_name":"Ara Jung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ara Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053185286","display_name":"Ian Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1372-7626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068804724","display_name":"Pamela C. Cosman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-0176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160856358","display_name":"University of San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/03jbbze48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Cosman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,San Diego"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,San Diego","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018216740"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160856358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91666667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1301","last_page":"1305"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9639999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conversation","display_name":"Conversation","score":0.814995288848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7764225006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.7278012633323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6784815192222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6769880652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.610289454460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6028687953948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5457595586776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.523712694644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4978184700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4084912836551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.26726603507995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.24012893438339233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.814995288848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7764225006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7278012633323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6784815192222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6769880652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.610289454460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6028687953948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5457595586776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.523712694644928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4978184700012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4084912836551666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.26726603507995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.24012893438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco54536.2021.9615999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607854","display_name":"2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 29th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3652138252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DUE-1928604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016570402","https://openalex.org/W2097225590","https://openalex.org/W2169025255","https://openalex.org/W2277431815","https://openalex.org/W2291227546","https://openalex.org/W2345646625","https://openalex.org/W2611639467","https://openalex.org/W2736737128","https://openalex.org/W2794136334","https://openalex.org/W2794517705","https://openalex.org/W2889131957","https://openalex.org/W2907940193","https://openalex.org/W2915163444","https://openalex.org/W2951724647","https://openalex.org/W2967188000","https://openalex.org/W2997103766","https://openalex.org/W3110569120","https://openalex.org/W4243052856","https://openalex.org/W6722318015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968552888","https://openalex.org/W1527532029","https://openalex.org/W2374116601","https://openalex.org/W3093134843","https://openalex.org/W1511346092","https://openalex.org/W2378167147","https://openalex.org/W3210777354","https://openalex.org/W2772323916","https://openalex.org/W2281307425","https://openalex.org/W2464405057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Head":[0],"gestures":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3,109],"head":[4,54,59,76],"nodding":[5],"and":[6,17,52,56,71,100,115],"shaking":[7],"play":[8],"a":[9,20,26,39,45,85,110],"prominent":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,19,35,62,123],"conversation,":[13],"indicating":[14],"active":[15],"listening":[16],"interest":[18],"conversation.":[21],"We":[22,43,105],"aim":[23],"to":[24,28,50],"create":[25],"tool":[27],"assess":[29],"these":[30],"physical":[31],"conversational":[32,81],"engagement":[33,82],"cues":[34],"the":[36,68,74,80,90],"context":[37],"of":[38,73],"mock":[40],"job":[41],"interview.":[42],"propose":[44],"hidden":[46],"Markov":[47],"model-based":[48],"architecture":[49],"locate":[51],"classify":[53],"nods":[55],"shakes":[57],"from":[58,102],"motion":[60],"data":[61],"an":[63],"online":[64],"fashion.":[65],"Based":[66],"on":[67],"number,":[69],"velocity,":[70],"duration":[72],"detected":[75],"gestures,":[77],"we":[78],"evaluate":[79],"level":[83],"using":[84],"linear":[86],"regression":[87],"model.":[88],"For":[89],"interview":[91],"segments,":[92],"high":[93],"agreement":[94],"was":[95],"reached":[96],"between":[97],"model":[98],"scores":[99,101],"human":[103],"raters.":[104],"consider":[106],"this":[107],"system":[108],"path":[111],"toward":[112],"augmented":[113],"reality":[114],"virtual":[116],"reality-based":[117],"training":[118],"that":[119],"can":[120],"broaden":[121],"participation":[122],"careers":[124],"with":[125],"competitive":[126],"hiring":[127],"scenarios.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
