{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3114268228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287378","title":"Phase-difference-based 3-D Source Localization Using a Compact Receiver Configuration","display_name":"Phase-difference-based 3-D Source Localization Using a Compact Receiver Configuration","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3114268228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287378","mag":"3114268228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 28th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725055","display_name":"Hui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9345-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032135059","display_name":"Tarig Ballal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4160-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarig Ballal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119580","display_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science & Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"251","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trilateration","display_name":"Trilateration","score":0.9168546199798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.8627710938453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6934508085250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6758441925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.6397103071212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6197439432144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5074593424797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.48460090160369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4474480450153351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.43693429231643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4224897623062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4200695753097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-arrival","display_name":"Time of arrival","score":0.41358333826065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.28907525539398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15294739603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1470085084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09354895353317261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20832178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146298","display_name":"Trilateration","level":3,"score":0.9168546199798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.8627710938453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6934508085250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6758441925048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.6397103071212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6197439432144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5074593424797058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48460090160369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4474480450153351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.43693429231643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4224897623062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4200695753097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163150518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4135208","display_name":"Time of arrival","level":3,"score":0.41358333826065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.28907525539398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15294739603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1470085084438324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09354895353317261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/eusipco47968.2020.9287378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 28th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/666504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/666504","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1960836024","https://openalex.org/W1982638441","https://openalex.org/W1994708141","https://openalex.org/W2098899602","https://openalex.org/W2101414012","https://openalex.org/W2102246835","https://openalex.org/W2123244794","https://openalex.org/W2126347138","https://openalex.org/W2155777360","https://openalex.org/W2162654459","https://openalex.org/W2164900902","https://openalex.org/W2219395474","https://openalex.org/W2397865640","https://openalex.org/W2525798395","https://openalex.org/W2571583190","https://openalex.org/W2766441399","https://openalex.org/W3015412213","https://openalex.org/W3022265541","https://openalex.org/W6648786765","https://openalex.org/W6731684549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970524074","https://openalex.org/W2995924631","https://openalex.org/W4287993193","https://openalex.org/W2910126301","https://openalex.org/W2063461694","https://openalex.org/W4312068750","https://openalex.org/W4387757182","https://openalex.org/W3016046519","https://openalex.org/W1921418770","https://openalex.org/W2888929028"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source":[0],"localization":[1,20,49,63],"has":[2],"many":[3],"important":[4],"applications,":[5],"especially":[6],"in":[7,180],"tracking":[8,182],"and":[9,13,41,101,130,166,174],"navigation.":[10],"Trilateration,":[11],"triangulation,":[12],"multilateration":[14],"are":[15,32,134],"three":[16],"widely-used":[17],"techniques":[18],"for":[19,155,183],"depending":[21],"on":[22,109,128],"the":[23,33,48,95,99,104,110,122,131,144,164,167],"available":[24],"information.":[25,89],"The":[26,90,140,169],"main":[27],"drawbacks":[28],"of":[29,35,39,78,98,152],"these":[30],"methods":[31],"requirements":[34],"a":[36,60,66,114,156],"large":[37],"number":[38],"anchors":[40,73],"an":[42,76],"elaborately":[43],"designed":[44],"layout.":[45],"To":[46],"accomplish":[47],"task":[50],"with":[51,65,71],"minimal":[52],"resources":[53],"while":[54],"maintaining":[55],"reasonable":[56],"accuracy,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"3-D":[61,106,149],"source":[62],"method":[64,92],"compact":[67],"infrastructure":[68],"(prototype":[69],"realized":[70],"4":[72],"located":[74],"within":[75],"area":[77],"2.5\u00d720":[79],"cm":[80,154],"<sup":[81],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[83],")":[84],"by":[85,112],"utilizing":[86],"only":[87],"phase-difference":[88],"proposed":[91,145],"first":[93],"estimates":[94],"direction-of-arrival":[96],"(DOA)":[97],"target":[100,157],"then":[102],"finds":[103],"candidate":[105],"location":[107,150,176],"along":[108],"DOA":[111],"minimizing":[113],"cost":[115],"function.":[116],"This":[117],"system":[118,172],"is":[119],"compared":[120],"to":[121],"other":[123],"two":[124],"similar":[125],"setups":[126],"based":[127],"simulations":[129],"experimental":[132],"tests":[133],"carried":[135],"out":[136],"using":[137],"acoustic":[138],"waves.":[139],"results":[141],"show":[142],"that":[143],"approach":[146],"can":[147],"achieve":[148],"error":[151],"2.77":[153],"at":[158],"0.5":[159],"m":[160],"without":[161],"synchronization":[162],"between":[163],"transmitter":[165],"receivers.":[168],"relatively":[170],"small":[171],"size":[173],"sufficient":[175],"accuracy":[177],"provide":[178],"possibilities":[179],"controller":[181],"virtual":[184],"reality":[185],"applications.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}