{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415179714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc65951.2025.11187285","title":"Reduced Echo State Networks for Model Predictive Control of a Quadruple-Tank Process","display_name":"Reduced Echo State Networks for Model Predictive Control of a Quadruple-Tank Process","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415179714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc65951.2025.11187285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc65951.2025.11187285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc65951.2025.11187285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055917928","display_name":"Guzm\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez-Mateos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2130-7867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guzm\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez-Mateos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024308686","display_name":"Miguel A. Prada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-1556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel A. Prada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469313","display_name":"Antonio Mor\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2762-6949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Mor\u00e1n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037868284","display_name":"Ignacio D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0420-2315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165339363","display_name":"Universidad de Oviedo","ror":"https://ror.org/006gksa02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio D\u00edaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oviedo,Department of Electrical Engineering,Gij&#x00F3;n,Spain,33204"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oviedo,Department of Electrical Engineering,Gij&#x00F3;n,Spain,33204","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165339363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015212133","display_name":"Manuel Dom\u00ed\u00adnguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-1599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799978770","display_name":"X-Fab (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/030bh9196","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Dom\u00ednguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Le&#x00F3;n,SUPPRESS Research Group, Escuela de Ingenier&#x00ED;as,Le&#x00F3;n,Spain,24007","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055917928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799978770"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30917037,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2186","last_page":"2191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9708999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-predictive-control","display_name":"Model predictive control","score":0.745199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","score":0.6960999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echo-state-network","display_name":"Echo state network","score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.44589999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.745199978351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779426996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18389128","display_name":"Echo (communications protocol)","level":2,"score":0.6960999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6504999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5561000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172025690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5332763","display_name":"Echo state network","level":4,"score":0.550599992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5368000268936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5314000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4553999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4397999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119247159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366192","display_name":"System identification","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22789450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420904","display_name":"Singular value decomposition","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12070446","display_name":"System model","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc65951.2025.11187285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc65951.2025.11187285","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919336337","https://openalex.org/W1969696351","https://openalex.org/W1991031391","https://openalex.org/W2001263627","https://openalex.org/W2058804598","https://openalex.org/W2150436340","https://openalex.org/W2196218134","https://openalex.org/W2842089854","https://openalex.org/W2949676527","https://openalex.org/W2967070000","https://openalex.org/W3007389203","https://openalex.org/W3081801460","https://openalex.org/W3185718212","https://openalex.org/W4200181476","https://openalex.org/W4367046608","https://openalex.org/W4379012131","https://openalex.org/W4386515812","https://openalex.org/W4388918077","https://openalex.org/W4388919067"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,64,98],"use":[1],"of":[2,50,82,93],"Recurrent":[3],"Neural":[4],"Networks":[5,19,59],"(RNNs)":[6],"is":[7],"interesting":[8],"to":[9,109],"obtain":[10],"prediction":[11],"models":[12],"for":[13,37,133],"control.":[14],"Among":[15],"them,":[16],"Echo":[17,57],"State":[18,58],"(ESNs)":[20],"display":[21],"advantages":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24],"simplified":[25],"training":[26],"and":[27,39,60,68,87],"implementation.":[28],"However,":[29],"its":[30],"high":[31],"dimensionality":[32],"might":[33],"become":[34],"an":[35],"obstacle":[36],"optimization":[38],"interpretability.":[40],"For":[41],"that":[42],"reason,":[43],"this":[44],"paper":[45],"presents":[46],"a":[47,69,95,103,116,130],"comparative":[48],"study":[49],"Model":[51],"Predictive":[52],"Control":[53],"(MPC)":[54],"implementations":[55],"using":[56],"their":[61],"reduced":[62,70,113],"models.":[63],"original":[65],"ESN":[66],"model":[67,71,83,110,114],"obtained":[72],"through":[73],"Proper":[74],"Orthogonal":[75],"Decomposition":[76],"(POD)":[77],"are":[78],"evaluated":[79],"in":[80,90,106,119],"terms":[81],"precision,":[84],"control":[85,126],"performance":[86],"computational":[88],"cost,":[89],"the":[91,112,124],"task":[92],"controlling":[94],"quadruple-tank":[96],"process.":[97],"results":[99],"indicate":[100],"that,":[101],"despite":[102],"slight":[104],"decrease":[105],"precision":[107],"due":[108],"reduction,":[111],"provides":[115],"significant":[117],"reduction":[118],"execution":[120],"time":[121],"with":[122],"almost":[123],"same":[125],"performance,":[127],"making":[128],"it":[129],"viable":[131],"alternative":[132],"real-time":[134],"applications.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-15T00:00:00"}
