{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2902961658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550423","title":"Inner-Loop Reference Governor Design with an Application to Human-in-the-Loop Control","display_name":"Inner-Loop Reference Governor Design with an Application to Human-in-the-Loop Control","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2902961658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550423","mag":"2902961658"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.2018.8550423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066973655","display_name":"Uro\u0161 Kalabi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-349X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uros Kalabic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004144091","display_name":"Stefano Di Cairano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2363-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Di Cairano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066973655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5518,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68757652,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1021","last_page":"1026"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9595999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.8836168050765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-controller","display_name":"Open-loop controller","score":0.7248290181159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6823850274085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.6598329544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/governor","display_name":"Governor","score":0.6554516553878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4915038049221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4858241081237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.48521068692207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.48358696699142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.44538795948028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-model","display_name":"Reference model","score":0.4413350820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27518415451049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.255277156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop","display_name":"Closed loop","score":0.21086660027503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2035292088985443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.09500616788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.062345683574676514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.8836168050765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161362739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2301555","display_name":"Open-loop controller","level":3,"score":0.7248290181159973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6823850274085999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.6598329544067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781233147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3229617","display_name":"Governor","level":2,"score":0.6554516553878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4915038049221039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4858241081237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.48521068692207336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.48358696699142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.44538795948028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150189527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356674","display_name":"Reference model","level":2,"score":0.4413350820541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27518415451049805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.255277156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.21086660027503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2035292088985443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.09500616788864136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.062345683574676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.2018.8550423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2018.8550423","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972764709","https://openalex.org/W2080231243","https://openalex.org/W2095233962","https://openalex.org/W2100186373","https://openalex.org/W2108287286","https://openalex.org/W2110331379","https://openalex.org/W2290436929","https://openalex.org/W2344850138","https://openalex.org/W2513988836","https://openalex.org/W3030562258","https://openalex.org/W4252199061","https://openalex.org/W4301456340","https://openalex.org/W6676375984","https://openalex.org/W6696758962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364421152","https://openalex.org/W2350316906","https://openalex.org/W2362311891","https://openalex.org/W2353428922","https://openalex.org/W2099688617","https://openalex.org/W2382143911","https://openalex.org/W2382810175","https://openalex.org/W204648549","https://openalex.org/W4244904831","https://openalex.org/W2774292953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,19,23,46,63,91,119,123,131],"novel":[4],"reference-governor-based":[5],"approach":[6],"to":[7,33,45,66,71,93,105,146],"enforcing":[8],"constraints":[9,149],"in":[10,113,150],"open-loop":[11],"systems,":[12,35],"where":[13],"the":[14,54,58,68,72,78,97,106,115,140],"constraint":[15],"enforcement":[16],"scheme":[17],"modifies":[18],"control":[20,103],"signal":[21],"from":[22],"feedback":[24,47,55],"controller.":[25,74],"The":[26,126],"reference":[27,37,40,64,69],"governor":[28,65,142],"is":[29,50,111,118,128,144],"not":[30,85],"typically":[31],"applicable":[32],"these":[34],"since":[36],"governors":[38],"modify":[39,67],"signals,":[41],"which":[42,114],"are":[43],"inputs":[44],"controller.The":[48],"design":[49,143],"based":[51],"on":[52],"duplicating":[53],"controller":[56,117,133],"of":[57,96,122],"closed-loop":[59,98],"system":[60,99],"and":[61],"implementing":[62],"input":[70],"duplicate":[73],"Effectively,":[75],"this":[76],"bypasses":[77],"nominal":[79,107,116],"controller,":[80],"whose":[81],"internal":[82],"dynamics":[83],"may":[84],"be":[86],"asymptotically":[87],"stable.":[88],"We":[89],"present":[90],"method":[92],"ensure":[94],"stability":[95],"by":[100],"ceding":[101],"some":[102],"authority":[104],"controller.A":[108],"numerical":[109],"example":[110],"considered":[112],"human":[120],"operator":[121,127],"steer-by-wire":[124],"system.":[125],"modeled":[129],"as":[130],"PID":[132],"with":[134],"unknown":[135],"parameters.":[136],"Results":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"inner-loop":[141],"able":[145],"satisfactorily":[147],"enforce":[148],"such":[151],"an":[152],"application.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}