{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1557173110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2001.7075961","title":"The systematic design of PID controllers using Nyquist stabiliy","display_name":"The systematic design of PID controllers using Nyquist stabiliy","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1557173110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2001.7075961","mag":"1557173110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.2001.7075961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2001.7075961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2001 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103072678","display_name":"Neil Munro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-9701"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil Munro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Control Systems Centre, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, UMIST, Manchester, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Control Systems Centre, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, UMIST, Manchester, England","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103072678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07769533,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"528","last_page":"533"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11081","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14083","display_name":"Extremum Seeking Control Systems","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10791","display_name":"Advanced Control Systems Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pid-controller","display_name":"PID controller","score":0.7924295663833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.7862790822982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-stability-criterion","display_name":"Nyquist stability criterion","score":0.7403250932693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5631682276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nyquist-plot","display_name":"Nyquist plot","score":0.5485402941703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.48105788230895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-gain-theorem","display_name":"Small-gain theorem","score":0.47690296173095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.4350614845752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4347776770591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-margin","display_name":"Phase margin","score":0.4224243760108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.415947288274765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22636950016021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19362413883209229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1709427535533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-control","display_name":"Temperature control","score":0.1192636787891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.10477855801582336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47116090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q716829","display_name":"PID controller","level":3,"score":0.7924295663833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.7862790822982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7630364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756793","display_name":"Nyquist stability criterion","level":3,"score":0.7403250932693481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5631682276725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195762429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756793","display_name":"Nyquist plot","level":5,"score":0.5485402941703796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.48105788230895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27385263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4165677","display_name":"Small-gain theorem","level":3,"score":0.47690296173095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.4350614845752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4347776770591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.4224243760108948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.415947288274765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22636950016021729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19362413883209229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1709427535533905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536315585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698332","display_name":"Temperature control","level":2,"score":0.1192636787891388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.10477855801582336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7040849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899580","display_name":"Dielectric spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.2001.7075961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2001.7075961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2001 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W646286238","https://openalex.org/W1508390779","https://openalex.org/W1994726659","https://openalex.org/W2066613021","https://openalex.org/W2122835233","https://openalex.org/W2332337658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100446824","https://openalex.org/W2364721613","https://openalex.org/W2037338639","https://openalex.org/W2370888478","https://openalex.org/W2505017539","https://openalex.org/W1995988785","https://openalex.org/W2125023505","https://openalex.org/W3016429831","https://openalex.org/W3199656953","https://openalex.org/W651385919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"new":[3],"and":[4,32,67,78,163,190],"fast":[5],"ways":[6],"of":[7,13,16,48,59,72,99,168,188,208,213,220],"systematically":[8],"calculating":[9],"the":[10,14,45,57,73,100,105,128,139,173,186,205,217,221,228],"limiting":[11],"values":[12],"parameters":[15],"PID-action":[17],"controllers":[18,61,158,171],"for":[19,56,115,159,177],"systems":[20,116,160],"that":[21,131],"are":[22],"open-loop":[23],"stable,":[24],"or":[25,29],"unstable,":[26],"minimum":[27],"phase,":[28,31],"non-minimum":[30],"can":[33,52,112,152,194],"contain":[34],"explicit":[35,119],"time-delay":[36,120],"terms.":[37],"The":[38,149],"technique":[39],"presented,":[40],"which":[41,103],"is":[42,76,80,146],"based":[43],"on":[44],"axis-crossing":[46],"form":[47],"Nyquist's":[49],"stability":[50,66],"theorem,":[51],"be":[53,113,153,196,232],"readily":[54],"used":[55,226],"design":[58],"PID":[60,129,170],"to":[62,107,127,155,198,216],"meet":[63],"certain":[64],"closed-loop":[65],"performance":[68,175,182],"requirements.":[69],"A":[70,122],"summary":[71],"background":[74],"development":[75],"given":[77],"it":[79],"then":[81],"shown":[82],"how,":[83],"by":[84],"using":[85],"a":[86,95,134,165],"simple":[87],"feature":[88],"available":[89],"in":[90,133,138,227],"most":[91],"symbolic":[92],"algebra":[93],"environments,":[94],"much":[96],"faster":[97],"version":[98],"proposed":[101,151],"method,":[102],"avoids":[104],"need":[106],"calculate":[108],"any":[109],"Nyquist":[110],"diagrams,":[111],"obtained":[114],"with":[117,161],"no":[118],"term.":[121],"recent":[123],"complete":[124],"analytical":[125],"solution":[126],"compensator":[130],"results":[132],"very":[135],"significant":[136],"reduction":[137],"computing":[140],"time,":[141],"yielding":[142],"almost":[143],"real-time":[144],"results,":[145],"also":[147,195],"introduced.":[148],"methods":[150],"extended":[154],"develop":[156],"robust":[157],"uncertainties,":[162],"present":[164],"visual":[166],"characterization":[167],"all":[169],"meeting":[172],"desired":[174],"criteria":[176],"such":[178,184],"systems.":[179],"Other":[180],"time-domain":[181],"requirements":[183],"as":[185],"Integral":[187],"Time":[189],"Absolute":[191],"Error":[192],"criterion":[193],"employed":[197],"select":[199],"an":[200],"optimal":[201],"operating":[202],"point":[203],"from":[204],"allowable":[206],"set":[207],"controller":[209],"parameters.":[210],"An":[211],"application":[212],"these":[214],"tools":[215],"fan-speed":[218],"control":[219],"Pegasus":[222],"aircraft":[223],"gas-turbine":[224],"engine,":[225],"Harrier":[229],"jump-jet,":[230],"will":[231],"presented.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
