{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1571576345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099859","title":"When is a semigroup a group?","display_name":"When is a semigroup a group?","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1571576345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099859","mag":"1571576345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.1999.7099859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041102285","display_name":"Hans Zwart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-7967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hans Zwart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, NL","Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiteit Twente, Enschede, Overijssel, NL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, NL-7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041102285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3432","last_page":"3434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11110","display_name":"Stability and Controllability of Differential Equations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11110","display_name":"Stability and Controllability of Differential Equations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12100","display_name":"Advanced Mathematical Modeling in Engineering","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10541","display_name":"Nonlinear Differential Equations Analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semigroup","display_name":"Semigroup","score":0.6611752510070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.5497912168502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolvent","display_name":"Resolvent","score":0.5181187987327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4682152271270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.466351181268692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4499843120574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.40360015630722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.3674210011959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.2674928307533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09107685089111328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207405024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207348","display_name":"Semigroup","level":2,"score":0.6611752510070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.5497912168502808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196267783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4392490","display_name":"Resolvent","level":2,"score":0.5181187987327576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4682152271270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.466351181268692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4499843120574951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.40360015630722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.3674210011959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2674928307533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09107685089111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/ecc.1999.7099859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.1999.7099859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999 European Control Conference (ECC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/aa7030ef-569e-41a3-8733-7f207133f101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/aa7030ef-569e-41a3-8733-7f207133f101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zwart, H 2015, When is a semigroup a group? in European Control Conference, ECC 1999 - Conference Proceedings., 7099859, IEEE, pp. 3432-3434, 1999 European Control Conference, ECC 1999, Karlsruhe, Germany, 31/08/99. < http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7099859/ >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/9df92f2e-5c90-4352-878d-bdeb60db4fd0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/9df92f2e-5c90-4352-878d-bdeb60db4fd0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zwart, H J 1999, When is a Semigroup a Group. Karlsruhe.","raw_type":"other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/aa7030ef-569e-41a3-8733-7f207133f101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7099859/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zwart, H 2015, When is a semigroup a group? in European Control Conference, ECC 1999 - Conference Proceedings., 7099859, IEEE, pp. 3432-3434, 1999 European Control Conference, ECC 1999, Karlsruhe, Germany, 31/08/99. < http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7099859/ >","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:ut:oai:ris.utwente.nl:publications/9df92f2e-5c90-4352-878d-bdeb60db4fd0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/when-is-a-semigroup-a-group(9df92f2e-5c90-4352-878d-bdeb60db4fd0).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538631714","https://openalex.org/W1538686203","https://openalex.org/W2137171564"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350866827","https://openalex.org/W2951761543","https://openalex.org/W4327812601","https://openalex.org/W2963600173","https://openalex.org/W2945455047","https://openalex.org/W2106070738","https://openalex.org/W2040585115","https://openalex.org/W2388502123","https://openalex.org/W4240661104","https://openalex.org/W2001719168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,9,28,55,70,98],"well-known":[1],"necessary":[2],"and":[3,29,56],"sufficient":[4,94],"condition":[5],"for":[6,53],"the":[7,12,47,50,86,104],"operator":[8],"to":[10,40,45,95],"be":[11],"infinitesimal":[13],"generator":[14],"of":[15],"a":[16,32,72,81,89,100],"strongly":[17],"continuous":[18],"(C":[19],"<inf":[20,34,74],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[21,35,75],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</inf>":[22,36,76],")":[23],"group":[24],"is":[25,65,93],"that":[26,42,63,69,80,97],"both":[27,54],"\u2212A":[30],"generate":[31],"C":[33,73],"-semigroup.":[37],"This":[38,102],"seems":[39],"imply":[41],"one":[43],"has":[44],"check":[46],"conditions":[48],"in":[49],"Hille-Yosida":[51],"Theorem":[52],"\u2212A.":[57],"In":[58],"this":[59,64],"paper":[60],"we":[61,78],"show":[62],"not":[66],"necessary.":[67],"Given":[68],"generates":[71,99],"-semigroup":[77],"prove":[79],"(weak)":[82],"growth":[83],"bound":[84],"on":[85,88],"resolvent":[87],"left":[90],"half":[91],"plane":[92],"guarantee":[96],"group.":[101],"extends":[103],"recent":[105],"result":[106],"found":[107],"by":[108],"Liu,":[109],"see":[110],"[Liu98].":[111]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}