{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163575464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539275","title":"OpenACM: An Open-Source SRAM-Based Approximate CiM Compiler","display_name":"OpenACM: An Open-Source SRAM-Based Approximate CiM Compiler","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163575464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539275"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date69613.2026.11539275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101875729","display_name":"Yiqi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7306-9154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041239651","display_name":"Junhao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9641-9715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JunHao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121574275","display_name":"Xingyang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University,Beijing,China,100191"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University,Beijing,China,100191","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123341680","display_name":"Yule Sheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yule Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137839554","display_name":"Yue Yuan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633632","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yikai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123289614","display_name":"Bochang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bochang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121565116","display_name":"Yiheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137885607","display_name":"Shan Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020806445","display_name":"Wei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-8478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield,Sheffield,United Kingdom,S10 2TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield,Sheffield,United Kingdom,S10 2TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004131478","display_name":"Daying Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-9950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daying Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101847187","display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-3803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing,China,210094","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101409666","display_name":"Zhiqiang Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 58th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Wuxi,China,214035"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 58th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation,Wuxi,China,214035","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.3366999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.3366999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.20020000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.1867000013589859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.22589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.22360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6956999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5214999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.22589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.210999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.20919999480247498}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date69613.2026.11539275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1929609097","https://openalex.org/W1998305460","https://openalex.org/W2111013824","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2577531088","https://openalex.org/W2752317749","https://openalex.org/W2799026378","https://openalex.org/W2948850835","https://openalex.org/W3021587158","https://openalex.org/W3139804307","https://openalex.org/W3206763996","https://openalex.org/W4220829081","https://openalex.org/W4386765206","https://openalex.org/W4401568162","https://openalex.org/W4404471204","https://openalex.org/W4410552861","https://openalex.org/W4410583556","https://openalex.org/W4410583861","https://openalex.org/W4410584309","https://openalex.org/W7117543201"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,115,182],"rise":[1],"of":[2,48,100,120,172],"data-intensive":[3],"AI":[4,49],"workloads":[5],"has":[6],"exacerbated":[7],"the":[8,45,72,84,118,121,144],"\"memory":[9],"wall\"":[10],"bottleneck.":[11],"Digital":[12],"Compute-in-Memory":[13],"(DCiM)":[14],"using":[15],"SRAM":[16,128],"offers":[17],"a":[18,31,125,134],"scalable":[19],"solution,":[20],"but":[21],"its":[22],"vast":[23],"design":[24,28,138],"space":[25],"makes":[26],"manual":[27],"impractical,":[29],"creating":[30],"need":[32],"for":[33,51,77],"automated":[34],"compilers.":[35],"A":[36],"key":[37,94],"opportunity":[38],"lies":[39],"in":[40,179],"approximate":[41,79],"computing,":[42],"which":[43],"leverages":[44],"error":[46,88],"tolerance":[47,89],"applications":[50],"significant":[52],"energy":[53,170],"savings.":[54],"However,":[55],"existing":[56],"DCiM":[57,80,122],"compilers":[58],"focus":[59],"on":[60,141,155,160,186],"exact":[61],"arithmetic,":[62],"failing":[63],"to":[64,110,174],"exploit":[65],"this":[66],"optimization.":[67],"This":[68,147],"paper":[69],"introduces":[70],"OpenACM,":[71],"first":[73],"open-source,":[74],"accuracy-aware":[75],"compiler":[76,116],"SRAM-based":[78],"architectures.":[81],"OpenACM":[82,168],"bridges":[83],"gap":[85],"between":[86],"application":[87,180],"and":[90,106,143,151],"hardware":[91],"automation.":[92],"Its":[93],"contribution":[95],"is":[96,184],"an":[97],"integrated":[98],"library":[99],"accuracy-configurable":[101],"multipliers":[102],"(exact,":[103],"tunable":[104],"approximate,":[105],"logarithmic),":[107],"enabling":[108],"designers":[109],"make":[111],"fine-grained":[112],"accuracy-energy":[113],"trade-offs.":[114],"automates":[117],"generation":[119],"architecture,":[123],"integrating":[124],"transistor-level":[126],"customizable":[127],"macro":[129],"with":[130,176],"variation-aware":[131],"characterization":[132],"into":[133],"complete,":[135],"open-source":[136],"physical":[137],"flow":[139],"based":[140],"OpenROAD":[142],"FreePDK45":[145],"library.":[146],"ensures":[148],"full":[149],"reproducibility":[150],"accessibility,":[152],"removing":[153],"dependencies":[154],"proprietary":[156],"tools.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"representative":[161],"convolutional":[162],"neural":[163],"networks":[164],"(CNNs)":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"that":[167],"achieves":[169],"savings":[171],"up":[173],"64%":[175],"negligible":[177],"loss":[178],"accuracy.":[181],"framework":[183],"available":[185],"OpenACM:URL.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}
