{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163541101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539177","title":"FHEx: Transforming Generic Compute Chips into Secure FHE Engines via a Hardware-software Co-designed Framework","display_name":"FHEx: Transforming Generic Compute Chips into Secure FHE Engines via a Hardware-software Co-designed Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163541101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539177"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date69613.2026.11539177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100566801","display_name":"Yibo Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5672-676X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibo Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633632","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0098-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079264255","display_name":"M Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengdi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012732979","display_name":"Cangyuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-464X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cangyuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137873833","display_name":"Lian Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137837125","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan Inspur Data Technology Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan Inspur Data Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125647785","display_name":"Kai Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144143","display_name":"Inspur (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0474p4r72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinan Inspur Data Technology Co., Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinan Inspur Data Technology Co., Ltd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144143"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111302581","display_name":"Y Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhe Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, State Key Lab of Processors, Institute of Computing Technology,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.4560000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.4560000002384186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.3546000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.05380000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.24899999797344208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2433999925851822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.24150000512599945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5508999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.334199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24899999797344208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2451999932527542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2433999925851822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.24150000512599945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.23759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2272000014781952}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date69613.2026.11539177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date69613.2026.11539177","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4243709146976471,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002555321","https://openalex.org/W2126105956","https://openalex.org/W2791343554","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W3102510044","https://openalex.org/W3127843656","https://openalex.org/W3136346557","https://openalex.org/W3176410512","https://openalex.org/W4220972538","https://openalex.org/W4280650077","https://openalex.org/W4281792301","https://openalex.org/W4292261931","https://openalex.org/W4293024101","https://openalex.org/W4296209134","https://openalex.org/W4302734258","https://openalex.org/W4308090449","https://openalex.org/W4312296236","https://openalex.org/W4381326072","https://openalex.org/W4385192563","https://openalex.org/W4387064011","https://openalex.org/W4393406998","https://openalex.org/W4404133577","https://openalex.org/W4408902863","https://openalex.org/W4411867198"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"Homomorphic":[1],"Encryption":[2],"(FHE)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,54,87,97,164],"powerful":[6],"privacy-preserving":[7],"technology":[8],"enabling":[9],"secure":[10],"computation":[11],"on":[12,115,122],"encrypted":[13],"data,":[14],"but":[15],"it":[16],"suffers":[17],"from":[18],"substantial":[19,176],"performance":[20],"overheads.":[21],"Running":[22],"FHE":[23,29,65,81,113,135,179],"efficiently":[24],"typically":[25],"requires":[26],"developing":[27],"dedicated":[28,165],"accelerators,":[30,42],"which":[31],"can":[32],"be":[33],"costly":[34],"and":[35,85,141,150],"inflexible.":[36],"Instead":[37],"of":[38,90],"pursuing":[39],"entirely":[40],"new":[41],"this":[43,69,116],"paper":[44],"explores":[45],"an":[46,63,128],"alternative":[47],"paradigm:":[48],"augmenting":[49],"generic":[50],"computing":[51,139],"devices":[52],"with":[53,96],"modular":[55],"FHE-specific":[56],"hardware":[57,124],"extension":[58],"unit":[59],"(HEU)":[60],"to":[61,102,110],"create":[62],"efficient":[64],"engine.":[66],"To":[67,120,145],"make":[68],"paradigm":[70],"viable,":[71],"we":[72,92,126,162],"propose":[73,127,163],"three":[74],"key":[75],"innovations:":[76],"(1)":[77],"recognizing":[78],"that":[79,132,172],"some":[80],"operators":[82,136],"are":[83],"data-intensive":[84,104],"involve":[86],"massive":[88],"volume":[89],"ciphertexts,":[91],"design":[93],"the":[94,123,138,142,147,152,157],"HEU":[95],"3D":[98,159],"stacked":[99],"memory-based":[100],"architecture":[101],"handle":[103],"operators.We":[105],"also":[106],"provide":[107],"software-level":[108],"support":[109],"facilitate":[111],"deploying":[112],"tasks":[114],"extension-based":[117],"architecture.":[118],"(2)":[119],"capitalize":[121],"parallelism,":[125],"adaptive":[129],"offloading":[130],"algorithm":[131],"intelligently":[133],"distributes":[134],"between":[137],"device":[140],"HEU.":[143],"(3)":[144],"optimize":[146],"data":[148,154],"layout":[149],"minimize":[151],"inter-tile":[153],"communications":[155],"in":[156,178],"novel":[158],"stack":[160],"memory,":[161],"ciphertext":[166],"mapping":[167],"mechanism.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"our":[173],"work":[174],"achieves":[175],"acceleration":[177],"tasks.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-06-05T00:00:00"}