{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410583439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993182","title":"Cute-Lock: Behavioral and Structural Multi-Key Logic Locking Using Time Base Keys","display_name":"Cute-Lock: Behavioral and Structural Multi-Key Logic Locking Using Time Base Keys","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410583439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993182"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116493998","display_name":"Kevin Lopez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Long Beach,Computer Engineering &#x0026; Computer Science Department,Long Beach,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Long Beach,Computer Engineering &#x0026; Computer Science Department,Long Beach,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013526466","display_name":"Amin Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7469-3642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Long Beach,Computer Engineering &#x0026; Computer Science Department,Long Beach,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Long Beach,Computer Engineering &#x0026; Computer Science Department,Long Beach,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116493998"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88873775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lock","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","score":0.806005597114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7114596962928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6477977633476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4311710596084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.41132423281669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.39396005868911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22832095623016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.17869707942008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15354236960411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07819828391075134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174839445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134386","display_name":"Lock (firearm)","level":2,"score":0.806005597114563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7114596962928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6477977633476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4311710596084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.41132423281669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39396005868911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22832095623016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.17869707942008972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15354236960411072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07819828391075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G649575746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2245247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524250393","https://openalex.org/W1574570499","https://openalex.org/W2008819052","https://openalex.org/W2064541558","https://openalex.org/W2112173236","https://openalex.org/W2135211381","https://openalex.org/W2155298431","https://openalex.org/W2419784917","https://openalex.org/W2615060729","https://openalex.org/W2708742051","https://openalex.org/W2718023883","https://openalex.org/W2766393343","https://openalex.org/W2790282160","https://openalex.org/W2798554995","https://openalex.org/W2903107655","https://openalex.org/W2945305016","https://openalex.org/W2946592689","https://openalex.org/W2997659421","https://openalex.org/W2998625813","https://openalex.org/W3036247734","https://openalex.org/W3037353294","https://openalex.org/W3083447187","https://openalex.org/W3119404886","https://openalex.org/W3176336444","https://openalex.org/W3185796466","https://openalex.org/W3212151081","https://openalex.org/W3212978613","https://openalex.org/W4254690223","https://openalex.org/W4281676054","https://openalex.org/W4283693346","https://openalex.org/W4292074962","https://openalex.org/W4377969790","https://openalex.org/W4378800793","https://openalex.org/W4390357582","https://openalex.org/W4393141000","https://openalex.org/W4405845859","https://openalex.org/W4406130566","https://openalex.org/W6847692876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363983170","https://openalex.org/W2270181498","https://openalex.org/W2376330853","https://openalex.org/W4312978203","https://openalex.org/W4406511462","https://openalex.org/W4206642211","https://openalex.org/W3103471182","https://openalex.org/W1581225847","https://openalex.org/W4234217599","https://openalex.org/W4256686968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"outsourcing":[1],"of":[2,13,47,85,105,116],"semiconductor":[3],"manufacturing":[4],"raises":[5],"security":[6],"risks,":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9],"piracy":[10],"and":[11,68,81,101],"overproduction":[12],"hardware":[14],"intellectual":[15],"property.":[16],"To":[17],"overcome":[18],"this":[19,72],"challenge,":[20],"logic":[21,36,63,88],"locking":[22,37,89],"has":[23],"emerged":[24],"to":[25,43,121,132],"lock":[26],"a":[27,44,56,83,113,133],"given":[28],"circuit":[29],"using":[30,74],"additional":[31,137],"key":[32],"bits.":[33],"While":[34],"single-key":[35],"approaches":[38],"have":[39],"demonstrated":[40],"serious":[41],"vulnerability":[42],"wide":[45],"range":[46,115],"attacks,":[48,64],"multi-key":[49,87],"solutions,":[50],"if":[51],"carefully":[52],"designed,":[53],"can":[54,94],"provide":[55],"reliable":[57],"defense":[58],"against":[59],"not":[60],"only":[61],"oracle-guided":[62],"but":[65],"also":[66],"removal":[67],"dataflow":[69],"attacks.":[70],"In":[71],"paper,":[73],"time":[75],"base":[76],"keys,":[77],"we":[78],"propose,":[79],"implement":[80],"evaluate":[82],"family":[84,128],"secure":[86],"algorithms":[90],"called":[91],"Cute-Lock":[92,127],"that":[93],"be":[95],"applied":[96],"both":[97],"in":[98],"RTL-level":[99],"behavioral":[100],"netlist-level":[102],"structural":[103],"representations":[104],"sequential":[106],"circuits.":[107],"Our":[108],"extensive":[109],"experimental":[110],"results":[111],"under":[112],"diverse":[114],"attacks":[117],"confirm":[118],"that,":[119],"compared":[120],"vulnerable":[122],"state-of-the-art":[123],"methods,":[124],"employing":[125],"the":[126],"drives":[129],"attacking":[130],"attempts":[131],"dead":[134],"end":[135],"without":[136],"overhead.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
