{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410584132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993109","title":"SafeLight: Enhancing Security in Optical Convolutional Neural Network Accelerators","display_name":"SafeLight: Enhancing Security in Optical Convolutional Neural Network Accelerators","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410584132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061200772","display_name":"Salma Afifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0376-8754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salma Afifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083056788","display_name":"Ishan Thakkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7289-1530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishan Thakkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Lexington,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Lexington,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018382547","display_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-0066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeep Pasricha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Fort Collins,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061200772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7163,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90322795,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9638000130653381,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7828984260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7280014753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2129756510257721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7828984260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7280014753341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2129756510257721}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993109","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993109","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2242487769","https://openalex.org/W2625439242","https://openalex.org/W2807398060","https://openalex.org/W2808703947","https://openalex.org/W2828344460","https://openalex.org/W2946801000","https://openalex.org/W2961513964","https://openalex.org/W2962939738","https://openalex.org/W3033308515","https://openalex.org/W3101407597","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3193146026","https://openalex.org/W3195461290","https://openalex.org/W3197913648","https://openalex.org/W3200864435","https://openalex.org/W3204728643","https://openalex.org/W3213945219","https://openalex.org/W4233412257","https://openalex.org/W4242053016","https://openalex.org/W4281957059","https://openalex.org/W4297020691","https://openalex.org/W4312457390","https://openalex.org/W4378800738","https://openalex.org/W4378801105","https://openalex.org/W4380874786","https://openalex.org/W4386568813","https://openalex.org/W4399120249","https://openalex.org/W4399886350","https://openalex.org/W4401568845","https://openalex.org/W4409282658","https://openalex.org/W6752765571","https://openalex.org/W6853603494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,36,68,77,109,112,118,158],"deep":[4,19,55],"learning":[5,56],"has":[6,91],"revolutionized":[7],"computing":[8],"hardware,":[9],"driving":[10],"innovations":[11,24],"to":[12,94,150,152,164],"improve":[13],"computationally":[14],"expensive":[15],"multiply-accumulate":[16],"operations":[17],"in":[18,86,135],"neural":[20,45,61],"networks.":[21],"Among":[22],"these":[23,170],"are":[25],"integrated":[26],"silicon-photonic":[27],"systems":[28],"that":[29],"have":[30],"emerged":[31],"as":[32,49,59],"energy-efficient":[33],"platforms":[34,48],"capable":[35],"achieving":[37],"light":[38],"speed":[39],"computation":[40],"and":[41,101,141,172],"communication,":[42],"positioning":[43],"optical":[44,69],"network":[46],"(ONN)":[47],"a":[50,136],"transformative":[51],"technology":[52],"for":[53],"accelerating":[54],"models":[57,120,147],"such":[58,113],"convolutional":[60],"networks":[62],"(CNNs).":[63],"However,":[64],"the":[65,75,83,110,116,175,181],"increasing":[66],"complexity":[67],"hardware":[70,78],"introduces":[71],"new":[72],"vulnerabilities,":[73],"notably":[74],"risk":[76],"trojan":[79],"(HT)":[80],"attacks.":[81],"Despite":[82],"growing":[84],"interest":[85],"ONN":[87,123,139,166],"platforms,":[88],"little":[89],"attention":[90],"been":[92],"given":[93],"how":[95,128,174],"HT-induced":[96],"threats":[97],"can":[98,130,178],"compromise":[99,131],"performance":[100,117],"security.":[102],"This":[103],"paper":[104],"presents":[105],"an":[106],"in-depth":[107],"analysis":[108],"impact":[111],"attacks":[114,171],"on":[115],"CNN":[119,146],"accelerated":[121],"by":[122,148,154],"accelerators.":[124],"Specifically,":[125],"we":[126],"show":[127,173],"HTs":[129],"microring":[132],"resonators":[133],"(MRs)":[134],"state-of-the-art":[137],"non-coherent":[138],"accelerator":[140,167],"reduce":[142],"classification":[143],"accuracy":[144,182],"across":[145],"up":[149],"7.49%":[151],"80.46%":[153],"just":[155],"targeting":[156],"10%":[157],"MRs.":[159],"We":[160],"then":[161],"propose":[162],"techniques":[163,177],"enhance":[165],"robustness":[168],"against":[169],"best":[176],"effectively":[179],"recover":[180],"drops.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
