{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410583043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993008","title":"A Low-Complexity True Random Number Generation Scheme Using 3D-NAND Flash Memory","display_name":"A Low-Complexity True Random Number Generation Scheme Using 3D-NAND Flash Memory","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410583043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993008"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111346985","display_name":"Ruibin Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062284808","display_name":"Jian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-4252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107747601","display_name":"Xianping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3110-5223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115596376","display_name":"Yuhan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6451-1166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101154018","display_name":"Xinrui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3301-6861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085224838","display_name":"Yan Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5432-9819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yungen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102983021","display_name":"Zhiyi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4048-2991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,China,510275","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111346985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11709519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9469000101089478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.942300021648407,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6480525135993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5625128149986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.5342594385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5230113863945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-memory","display_name":"Flash memory","score":0.44987455010414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.4458056688308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.3649190068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3602454662322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33652544021606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3235270380973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2134210467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.19341430068016052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6480525135993958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5625128149986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.5342594385147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5230113863945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776531357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174077","display_name":"Flash memory","level":2,"score":0.44987455010414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.4458056688308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.3649190068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3602454662322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33652544021606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3235270380973816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2134210467338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.19341430068016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10993008","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10993008","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W820241123","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1988186775","https://openalex.org/W1997976635","https://openalex.org/W2015619456","https://openalex.org/W2048999575","https://openalex.org/W2062443275","https://openalex.org/W2117188320","https://openalex.org/W2157180100","https://openalex.org/W2188232329","https://openalex.org/W2473342566","https://openalex.org/W2484830184","https://openalex.org/W2525736734","https://openalex.org/W2735029063","https://openalex.org/W2760735112","https://openalex.org/W2762731122","https://openalex.org/W2769991585","https://openalex.org/W2790196731","https://openalex.org/W2905808651","https://openalex.org/W2908753693","https://openalex.org/W2910218701","https://openalex.org/W3004362587","https://openalex.org/W3011853158","https://openalex.org/W3038829342","https://openalex.org/W3084727950","https://openalex.org/W3097484922","https://openalex.org/W3108180956","https://openalex.org/W3112007195","https://openalex.org/W3162217299","https://openalex.org/W4285217408","https://openalex.org/W4307327618","https://openalex.org/W4391360546","https://openalex.org/W4391449337","https://openalex.org/W4392552872","https://openalex.org/W4392745629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054139911","https://openalex.org/W2162027152","https://openalex.org/W2489439822","https://openalex.org/W3165307257","https://openalex.org/W2116397085","https://openalex.org/W2515312339","https://openalex.org/W2535372975","https://openalex.org/W2145098804","https://openalex.org/W4237143391","https://openalex.org/W4226211266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unpredictable":[0],"true":[1,31],"random":[2,32,52,101],"numbers":[3,53],"are":[4],"essential":[5],"in":[6,40,74],"cryptographic":[7],"applications":[8],"and":[9,68,90,126],"secure":[10],"communications.":[11],"However,":[12],"implementing":[13],"True":[14],"Random":[15],"Number":[16],"Generators":[17],"(TRNGs)":[18],"typically":[19],"requires":[20,85],"specialized":[21],"hardware":[22],"devices.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25,104],"paper,":[26],"we":[27],"propose":[28],"a":[29,107],"low-complexity":[30],"number":[33],"extraction":[34],"scheme":[35,105],"that":[36],"can":[37],"be":[38],"implemented":[39],"endpoint":[41],"systems":[42],"containing":[43],"3D-NAND":[44,75],"flash":[45],"memory":[46,76],"chips,":[47],"addressing":[48],"the":[49,62,65,112,115,119],"need":[50],"for":[51],"without":[54,93,106],"requiring":[55],"additional":[56],"complex":[57],"hardware.":[58],"We":[59,98,110],"successfully":[60,99],"utilized":[61],"randomness":[63,113],"of":[64,70,114],"rapid":[66],"charging":[67],"discharging":[69],"shallow":[71],"charge":[72],"traps":[73],"as":[77],"an":[78],"entropy":[79],"source.":[80],"The":[81],"proposed":[82],"approach":[83],"only":[84],"conventional":[86],"user-mode":[87],"erase,":[88],"program,":[89],"read":[91],"operations,":[92],"any":[94],"special":[95],"timing":[96],"control.":[97],"extracted":[100],"bitstream":[102,117],"using":[103,118],"post-debiasing":[108],"process.":[109],"evaluated":[111],"generated":[116],"NIST":[120],"SP":[121],"800\u201322":[122],"statistical":[123],"test":[124],"suite,":[125],"it":[127],"passed":[128],"all":[129],"15":[130],"tests.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
