{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410582940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992846","title":"SACPlace: Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Symmetry-Aware Analog Circuit Placement","display_name":"SACPlace: Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Symmetry-Aware Analog Circuit Placement","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410582940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10992846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081396646","display_name":"Lei Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-5854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000279820","display_name":"Guojing Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojing Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Foundation Model Research Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Foundation Model Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029271867","display_name":"Guibo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8293-3952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guibo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Foundation Model Research Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Foundation Model Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081463234","display_name":"Jixin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-8953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jixin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058420913","display_name":"Jinqiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-2780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinqiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Foundation Model Research Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Foundation Model Research Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088591346","display_name":"Bowen Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3333-0244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054900679","display_name":"Ning Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7526-4356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Information Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081396646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7817,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73179338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6524633169174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6416517496109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","score":0.4297761917114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35734084248542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09920623898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.05900841951370239}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6524633169174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6416517496109009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4297761917114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35734084248542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09920623898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.05900841951370239}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10992846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2071531106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZD0114600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G377468272","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276260,62076235,62002106,62441233","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126316555","https://openalex.org/W2132693178","https://openalex.org/W2332691800","https://openalex.org/W2937035371","https://openalex.org/W2968056168","https://openalex.org/W3084745515","https://openalex.org/W3089697839","https://openalex.org/W3092122249","https://openalex.org/W3113090643","https://openalex.org/W3159717212","https://openalex.org/W4200371282","https://openalex.org/W4280555049","https://openalex.org/W4379115889","https://openalex.org/W4384785540","https://openalex.org/W4404238770","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6796289742","https://openalex.org/W6802002411","https://openalex.org/W6838682728","https://openalex.org/W6840380725","https://openalex.org/W6854483046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15],"placement":[1,118,152,164,167,186,200],"of":[2,84,108,172],"analog":[3,28,37,136,207,236],"Integrated":[4],"Circuits":[5],"(ICs)":[6],"plays":[7],"a":[8,74,99,121,128],"critical":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,94],"their":[12],"physical":[13],"design.":[14],"objective":[16],"is":[17,77,103],"to":[18,42,64,80,184],"minimize":[19],"the":[20,81,85,91,109,113,117,148,170,215],"Half-Perimeter":[21],"Wire":[22],"Length":[23],"(HPWL)":[24],"while":[25,221],"satisfying":[26,223],"complex":[27],"IC":[29],"constraints,":[30,227],"such":[31],"as":[32,98,120,147],"symmetry.":[33],"Unlike":[34],"digital":[35],"ICs,":[36],"ICs":[38,208,237],"are":[39],"highly":[40],"sensitive":[41],"parasitic":[43],"effects,":[44],"making":[45],"device":[46],"symmetry":[47,67,96,174,190,224],"crucial":[48],"for":[49,105,134,151,162,188,198],"optimal":[50,173],"circuit":[51],"performance.":[52],"However,":[53],"existing":[54],"methods,":[55,72,90],"including":[56],"both":[57],"machine":[58,70],"learning-based":[59,71],"and":[60,125,144,154,219,225,244],"analytical":[61,89],"approaches,":[62],"struggle":[63],"meet":[65],"strict":[66],"constraints.":[68],"In":[69,88],"training":[73,86],"general":[75],"model":[76],"challenging":[78],"due":[79],"limited":[82],"diversity":[83],"data.":[87],"difficulty":[92],"lies":[93],"formulating":[95],"constraints":[97,146],"convex":[100],"function,":[101],"which":[102],"necessary":[104],"gradient-based":[106],"optimization":[107],"placement.":[110],"To":[111],"address":[112],"issue,":[114],"we":[115],"formulate":[116],"process":[119,124],"Markov":[122],"decision":[123],"propose":[126],"SACPlace,":[127],"multi-agent":[129,159],"deep":[130],"reinforcement":[131],"learning":[132],"method":[133,213],"Symmetry-Aware":[135],"Circuit":[137],"Placement.":[138],"SACPlace":[139,157,178],"initially":[140],"extracts":[141],"layout":[142],"information":[143,150,187],"various":[145],"input":[149],"refinement":[153],"evaluation.":[155],"Subsequently,":[156],"constructs":[158,179],"policy":[160],"networks":[161,183],"symmetry-aware":[163],"by":[165,169],"refining":[166],"guided":[168],"evaluation":[171,193],"quality.":[175,191],"Following":[176],"this,":[177],"multilayer":[180],"perceptron-based":[181],"critic":[182],"embed":[185],"evaluating":[189],"This":[192],"reward":[194],"will":[195],"be":[196],"used":[197],"guiding":[199],"refinement.":[201],"Experimental":[202],"results":[203,233],"from":[204],"four":[205],"public":[206],"instances":[209],"demonstrate":[210],"that":[211],"our":[212],"achieves":[214],"lowest":[216],"actual":[217],"wirelength":[218],"area":[220],"fully":[222],"common":[226],"outperforming":[228],"state-of-the-art":[229],"methods.":[230],"Additionally,":[231],"simulation":[232],"on":[234],"real-world":[235],"show":[238],"better":[239],"performance":[240],"than":[241],"these":[242],"methods":[243],"even":[245],"manual":[246],"designs.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
