{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410583838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992830","title":"A 101 TOPS/W and 1.73 TOPS/mm<sup>2</sup> 6T SRAM-Based Digital Compute-in-Memory Macro Featuring a Novel 2T Multiplier","display_name":"A 101 TOPS/W and 1.73 TOPS/mm<sup>2</sup> 6T SRAM-Based Digital Compute-in-Memory Macro Featuring a Novel 2T Multiplier","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410583838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10992830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024459239","display_name":"Priyanshu Tyagi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Priyanshu Tyagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012290807","display_name":"Sparsh Mittal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sparsh Mittal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024459239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94720229,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tops","display_name":"TOPS","score":0.9535104036331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.6555389165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.5182783007621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4174196720123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.36574798822402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.34693747758865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.32764920592308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.29596585035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2666253447532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19442933797836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08327558636665344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777675136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835642","display_name":"TOPS","level":3,"score":0.9535104036331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.6555389165878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.5182783007621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4174196720123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.36574798822402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.34693747758865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.32764920592308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.29596585035324097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2666253447532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19442933797836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08327558636665344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date64628.2025.10992830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date64628.2025.10992830","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2501808157","https://openalex.org/W2527492855","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2792893539","https://openalex.org/W2985727781","https://openalex.org/W2990591126","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W3176381399","https://openalex.org/W3194056411","https://openalex.org/W3201362361","https://openalex.org/W3214143889","https://openalex.org/W3217339435","https://openalex.org/W4220785886","https://openalex.org/W4225739994","https://openalex.org/W4226402784","https://openalex.org/W4288057953","https://openalex.org/W4312121062","https://openalex.org/W6748967906","https://openalex.org/W6862460782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2811109569","https://openalex.org/W2385933648","https://openalex.org/W2381557761","https://openalex.org/W4231398535","https://openalex.org/W4245680303","https://openalex.org/W1996292569","https://openalex.org/W4210522299","https://openalex.org/W2043153436","https://openalex.org/W4251921734","https://openalex.org/W2113085768"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4,18,59],"a":[5,19,26,68],"6T":[6],"SRAM-based":[7],"all-digital":[8],"Compute-in-memory":[9],"(CIM)":[10],"macro":[11,117,161,183],"for":[12,56],"multi-bit":[13],"multiply-and-accumulate":[14],"(MAC)":[15],"operations.":[16,137],"We":[17,58],"novel":[20],"2T":[21,38,180],"bitwise":[22],"multiplier,":[23,181],"which":[24,49,71],"is":[25,50,118],"direct":[27],"improvement":[28],"over":[29],"the":[30,42,46,74,82,111,145,160,179,182],"previously":[31],"proposed":[32,115],"4T":[33],"NOR":[34,54],"gate-based":[35],"multiplier.":[36],"The":[37,114],"multiplier":[39],"also":[40],"eliminates":[41],"need":[43],"to":[44,90,103],"invert":[45],"input":[47,126],"bits,":[48],"required":[51],"when":[52],"using":[53,175],"gates":[55],"multipliers.":[57],"an":[60],"efficient":[61],"digital":[62,142],"MAC":[63,88,133,153],"computation":[64],"flow":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67],"barrel":[69],"shifter,":[70],"significantly":[72],"reduces":[73],"latency":[75,84],"of":[76,110],"shift":[77],"operation.":[78],"This":[79],"brings":[80],"down":[81],"overall":[83],"incurred":[85],"while":[86,189],"performing":[87],"operations":[89],"13ns/25ns":[91],"(in":[92,97,105],"65nm":[93,98],"CMOS)for":[94],"4b/8b":[95],"operands":[96],"CMOS":[99,107],"@":[100,108],"0.6V),":[101],"compared":[102],"10ns/18ns":[104],"22nm":[106],"0.72V)":[109],"previous":[112],"work.":[113],"CIM":[116,150],"fully":[119,140],"re-configurable":[120],"in":[121,178],"weight":[122,135,157],"bits":[123],"(4/8/12/16)":[124],"and":[125,134,158,168],"(4/8)":[127],"bits.":[128],"It":[129],"can":[130],"perform":[131],"concurrent":[132],"update":[136],"Moreover,":[138],"its":[139],"complete":[141],"implementation":[143],"circumvents":[144],"challenges":[146],"associated":[147],"with":[148,155],"analog":[149],"macros.":[151],"For":[152],"operation":[154],"4b":[156],"input,":[159],"achieves":[162],"24":[163],"TOPS/W":[164,170],"at":[165,171,187],"1.2":[166],"V":[167],"81":[169],"0.7":[172],"V.":[173],"When":[174],"low-threshold-voltage":[176],"transistors":[177],"works":[184],"reliably":[185],"even":[186],"0.6V":[188],"achieving":[190],"101":[191],"TOPS/W.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
