{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401568798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546629","title":"Can Machine Learn Pipeline Leakage?","display_name":"Can Machine Learn Pipeline Leakage?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401568798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date58400.2024.10546629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp;amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/308835/308835.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051145981","display_name":"Omid Bazangani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6094-7086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omid Bazangani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017153687","display_name":"Parisa Amiri Eliasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2881-8314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parisa Amiri Eliasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024072796","display_name":"Stjepan Picek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-4337"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stjepan Picek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051408740","display_name":"Lejla Batina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-3573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lejla Batina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radboud University,Nijmegen,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9070000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.7019473910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.6130824685096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5997532606124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14238226413726807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.7019473910331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6130824685096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5997532606124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14238226413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date58400.2024.10546629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546629","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp;amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/308835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/308835","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/308835/308835.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10546629","raw_type":"Article in monograph or in proceedings"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/308835","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/308835","pdf_url":"https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/308835/308835.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10546629","raw_type":"Article in monograph or in proceedings"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5188059367","display_name":"PROACT - Physical Attack Resistance of Cryptographic Algorithms and Circuits with Reduced Time to Market","funder_award_id":"NWA.1215.18.014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401568798.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1592889082","https://openalex.org/W1631035314","https://openalex.org/W1796231437","https://openalex.org/W1824405704","https://openalex.org/W2063013591","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2103289002","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2157435683","https://openalex.org/W2250966211","https://openalex.org/W2350778671","https://openalex.org/W2546875627","https://openalex.org/W2562036180","https://openalex.org/W2621165181","https://openalex.org/W2727289891","https://openalex.org/W2765982206","https://openalex.org/W2794921443","https://openalex.org/W2904535507","https://openalex.org/W2950242052","https://openalex.org/W2964199361","https://openalex.org/W2996111659","https://openalex.org/W3003996345","https://openalex.org/W4281386137","https://openalex.org/W4285176674","https://openalex.org/W4400120505","https://openalex.org/W6607899610","https://openalex.org/W6744192300","https://openalex.org/W6755357346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Side-channel":[0],"attacks":[1],"cause":[2],"a":[3,41,84,136,141,157,206,275,281],"significant":[4,52],"threat":[5],"to":[6,93,118],"security":[7],"implementations":[8],"in":[9,102,144,175,238],"embedded":[10],"devices.":[11],"Accordingly,":[12],"an":[13,182,200,216,226],"automated":[14],"framework":[15],"simulating":[16],"side-channel":[17,176],"behaviours":[18],"can":[19],"offer":[20],"invaluable":[21],"insights":[22],"into":[23],"leakage":[24,46],"origins":[25],"and":[26,293],"characteristics,":[27],"helping":[28],"developers":[29],"improve":[30],"those":[31],"devices":[32],"during":[33],"the":[34,58,69,76,123,171,185,195,210,222,251,259,264],"design":[35],"phase.":[36],"While":[37],"there":[38],"has":[39,269],"been":[40],"substantial":[42],"effort":[43],"towards":[44],"crafting":[45],"simulators,":[47],"earlier":[48],"methods":[49],"either":[50],"necessitated":[51],"manual":[53],"work":[54],"for":[55,122,135,160,243],"reverse":[56],"engineering":[57],"micro-architectural":[59,172],"layer":[60],"or":[61],"depended":[62],"on":[63,181],"Deep":[64],"Learning":[65],"(DL)":[66],"models":[67,97],"where":[68],"neural":[70],"network's":[71],"complexity":[72],"increased":[73],"considerably":[74],"with":[75,110,163,199,236,246],"addition":[77],"of":[78,187,194,203,219,229,254],"pipeline":[79,104,124,165,211,248,271],"stages.":[80,166,249,272],"This":[81,126,147],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"novel":[85],"modelling":[86],"approach":[87],"using":[88],"Recurrent":[89,295],"Neural":[90,283],"Networks":[91],"(RNNs)":[92],"construct":[94],"instruction-level":[95],"power":[96],"that":[98,109,193],"exhibit":[99],"enhanced":[100],"performance":[101,186],"detecting":[103],"leakage.":[105],"Our":[106],"findings":[107],"indicate":[108],"memory-based":[111,189],"machine":[112],"learning":[113],"models,":[114],"it":[115,156,241],"becomes":[116],"unnecessary":[117],"input":[119],"data":[120],"accounting":[121],"effect.":[125],"strategy":[127],"reduces":[128],"feature":[129,149],"dimensionality":[130],"by":[131],"at":[132,140],"least":[133],"one-third":[134],"three-stage":[137],"pipeline,":[138],"albeit":[139],"modest":[142],"compromise":[143],"model":[145,190,214,233],"performance.":[146],"reduced":[148,207],"set":[150],"underscores":[151],"our":[152,168,188,213,232,255],"model's":[153],"scalability,":[154],"making":[155,240],"preferred":[158],"choice":[159],"analyzing":[161],"microprocessors":[162],"extended":[164],"Importantly,":[167],"methodology":[169],"accelerates":[170],"profiling":[173,244],"phase":[174],"simulator":[177],"design.":[178],"When":[179],"evaluated":[180],"expansive":[183],"dataset,":[184],"closely":[191],"matches":[192],"Multilayer":[196],"Perceptron":[197],"(MLP)":[198],"R2":[201,217,227],"value":[202,218,228],"0.79.":[204],"On":[205],"dataset":[208,262],"(removing":[209],"effect),":[212],"achieves":[215],"0.65,":[220],"outperforming":[221],"MLP,":[223],"which":[224,268],"reaches":[225],"0.39.":[230],"Moreover,":[231],"is":[234],"designed":[235],"scalability":[237],"mind,":[239],"suitable":[242],"microcontrollers":[245],"advanced":[247],"For":[250],"practical":[252],"realisation":[253],"approach,":[256],"we":[257,278],"employed":[258],"open-source":[260],"ABBY-CM0":[261],"from":[263],"ARM":[265],"Cortex-M0":[266],"microcontroller,":[267],"three":[270],"To":[273],"provide":[274],"detailed":[276],"analysis,":[277],"also":[279],"consider":[280],"Convolutional":[282],"Network":[284],"(CNN)":[285],"besides":[286],"two":[287],"RNN":[288],"architectures":[289],"(Long":[290],"Short-Term":[291],"Memory":[292],"Gated":[294],"Unit).":[296]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
