{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401568214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546516","title":"TreeGRNG: Binary Tree Gaussian Random Number Generator for Efficient Probabilistic AI Hardware","display_name":"TreeGRNG: Binary Tree Gaussian Random Number Generator for Efficient Probabilistic AI Hardware","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401568214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date58400.2024.10546516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546516","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp;amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111290225","display_name":"J. Crols","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8821-3939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Crols","raw_affiliation_strings":["MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064318827","display_name":"Guilherme Paim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7809-9563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Paim","raw_affiliation_strings":["MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090482289","display_name":"Shirui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4280-0578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012150553","display_name":"Marian Verhelst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3495-9263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marian Verhelst","raw_affiliation_strings":["MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MICAS-ESAT,Leuven,KU,Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111290225"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63873559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9391000270843506,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.7586326599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6985969543457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-tree","display_name":"Binary tree","score":0.5958924293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5903565287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5611581802368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5280160307884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5009844303131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4622364640235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4005524218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.39871713519096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.39199334383010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35045528411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2691984176635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.20859754085540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19259124994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.10411021113395691}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.7586326599121094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6985969543457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197855036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380172","display_name":"Binary tree","level":2,"score":0.5958924293518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5903565287590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5611581802368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5280160307884216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5009844303131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4622364640235901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4005524218082428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.39871713519096375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.39199334383010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35045528411865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2691984176635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.20859754085540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19259124994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.10411021113395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date58400.2024.10546516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date58400.2024.10546516","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 Design, Automation &amp;amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp;amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:20.500.12942/744665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/20.500.12942/744665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8518283964","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101088865","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75082849","https://openalex.org/W2119603710","https://openalex.org/W2744721138","https://openalex.org/W4226337850","https://openalex.org/W4289950746","https://openalex.org/W4312540091","https://openalex.org/W4380763502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3148717199","https://openalex.org/W4382565725","https://openalex.org/W2494523064","https://openalex.org/W2943623134","https://openalex.org/W2588219639","https://openalex.org/W2905070931","https://openalex.org/W2215759665","https://openalex.org/W2030292806","https://openalex.org/W2960358116","https://openalex.org/W4200000300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bayesian":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(BNNs)":[3],"offer":[4],"opportunities":[5],"for":[6,24,66],"greatly":[7],"enhancing":[8],"the":[9,17,28,33,56,86,99,109,116,136,152,166,169,175,181,195],"trustworthiness":[10],"of":[11,58,88,93,105,121,157,168,177],"conventional":[12],"neural":[13],"networks":[14],"by":[15,141],"monitoring":[16],"uncertainties":[18],"in":[19,119,130,155,194],"decision-making.":[20],"A":[21],"significant":[22,63],"drawback":[23],"BNN":[25],"inference":[26],"at":[27],"extreme":[29],"edge,":[30],"however,":[31],"is":[32,191],"imperative":[34],"need":[35],"to":[36,164],"incorporate":[37],"Gaussian":[38,110],"Random":[39],"Number":[40],"Generators":[41],"(GRNG)":[42],"within":[43],"each":[44],"neuron.":[45],"State-of-the-art":[46],"GRNG":[47],"algorithms":[48],"heavily":[49],"depend":[50],"on":[51],"multiple":[52],"arithmetic":[53,94],"operations":[54],"and":[55,134],"use":[57,87],"extensive":[59],"look-up":[60],"tables,":[61],"posing":[62],"implementation":[64],"challenges":[65],"ultra-low":[67],"power":[68],"hardware":[69],"implementations.":[70],"To":[71],"overcome":[72],"this,":[73],"this":[74],"paper":[75],"presents":[76],"an":[77],"innovative":[78],"binary":[79],"tree":[80],"random":[81],"number":[82],"generator":[83],"(TreeGRNG)":[84],"allowing":[85],"ultra-low-cost":[89],"constant":[90],"comparators":[91],"instead":[92],"units.":[95],"We":[96],"further":[97],"enhance":[98],"TreeGRNG":[100,114,145,189],"proposal":[101,146],"with":[102],"a":[103,126,148],"set":[104],"hardware-aware":[106],"optimizations":[107],"exploiting":[108],"properties.":[111],"The":[112,188],"optimized":[113],"surpasses":[115],"State-of-the-Art":[117],"(SoTA)":[118],"terms":[120,156],"distribution":[122],"accuracy":[123],"while":[124],"achieving":[125],"3.7":[127],"\u00d7":[128],"reduction":[129],"energy":[131],"per":[132,138],"sample":[133],"boosting":[135],"throughput":[137],"unit":[139],"area":[140],"5.8\u00d7.":[142],"Moreover,":[143],"our":[144],"possesses":[147],"distinct":[149],"advantage":[150],"over":[151],"current":[153],"SoTA":[154],"flexibility,":[158],"as":[159],"it":[160],"easily":[161],"enables":[162],"designers":[163],"adjust":[165],"shape":[167],"sampled":[170],"probability":[171],"distribution,":[172],"extending":[173],"beyond":[174],"capabilities":[176],"traditional":[178],"GRNGs,":[179],"opening":[180],"horizon":[182],"towards":[183],"future":[184],"probabilistic":[185],"AI":[186],"designs.":[187],"design":[190],"available":[192],"open-source":[193],"link<sup>1</sup><sup>1</sup>https://github.com/KULeuven-MICAS/TreeGRNG.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
