{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280619995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774629","title":"Physically and Algorithmically Secure Logic Locking with Hybrid CMOS/Nanomagnet Logic Circuits","display_name":"Physically and Algorithmically Secure Logic Locking with Hybrid CMOS/Nanomagnet Logic Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280619995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774629"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date54114.2022.9774629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607924","display_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072915239","display_name":"Alexander J. Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7050-3151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander J. Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063886574","display_name":"Naimul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-8359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naimul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076831114","display_name":"Dhritiman Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2308-7749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhritiman Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,Richmond,VA,23284"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,Richmond,VA,23284","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072819455","display_name":"Mustafa Shihab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa M. Shihab","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006144304","display_name":"Peng Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088513405","display_name":"Xuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-6637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078709406","display_name":"Jayasimha Atulasimha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-0884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayasimha Atulasimha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,Richmond,VA,23284"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University,Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering,Richmond,VA,23284","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078818440","display_name":"Yiorgos Makris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4322-0068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiorgos Makris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001887370","display_name":"Joseph S. Friedman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9847-4455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph S. Friedman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Dallas,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Richardson,TX,75080","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072915239"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54618474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"17","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.718457043170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.6284864544868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanomagnet","display_name":"Nanomagnet","score":0.5777692198753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5714870691299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5180113911628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4465944170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-synthesis","display_name":"Logic synthesis","score":0.4421645700931549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.41923296451568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3926704227924347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3690430223941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3436615467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19280695915222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1758282482624054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.13754704594612122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.718457043170929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.6284864544868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3870157","display_name":"Nanomagnet","level":4,"score":0.5777692198753357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5714870691299438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5180113911628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4465944170951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4421645700931549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.41923296451568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3926704227924347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3690430223941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3436615467071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19280695915222168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1758282482624054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.13754704594612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date54114.2022.9774629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date54114.2022.9774629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607924","display_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6457627164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 1815033,ECCS 1954589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008463540","https://openalex.org/W2026568367","https://openalex.org/W2171372895","https://openalex.org/W2470345036","https://openalex.org/W2614868931","https://openalex.org/W2738791420","https://openalex.org/W2798959258","https://openalex.org/W2901577388","https://openalex.org/W2970802294","https://openalex.org/W2974457503","https://openalex.org/W3099803115","https://openalex.org/W3100696531","https://openalex.org/W3100931896","https://openalex.org/W3115465877","https://openalex.org/W3118947718","https://openalex.org/W3128941340","https://openalex.org/W3214342832","https://openalex.org/W6657033913","https://openalex.org/W6767616302","https://openalex.org/W6768135894","https://openalex.org/W6891698752"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3128941340","https://openalex.org/W2170998169","https://openalex.org/W2098419840","https://openalex.org/W1966764473","https://openalex.org/W2789349722","https://openalex.org/W1985308002","https://openalex.org/W2614722573","https://openalex.org/W2121963733","https://openalex.org/W1977171228","https://openalex.org/W2059422871"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"successful":[1],"logic":[2,42,47,83],"locking":[3,43,84],"of":[4,66,97],"integrated":[5],"circuits":[6],"requires":[7],"that":[8,27,124],"the":[9,58,128],"system":[10,52,94],"be":[11],"secure":[12,41],"against":[13,24],"both":[14],"algorithmic":[15,56,103],"and":[16,39,55,63,102,130],"physical":[17,54,101],"attacks.":[18],"In":[19,74,108],"order":[20],"to":[21,110],"provide":[22,90],"resilience":[23],"imaging":[25],"techniques":[26,123],"can":[28],"detect":[29],"electrical":[30],"behavior,":[31],"we":[32,77,115],"recently":[33],"proposed":[34,113],"an":[35],"approach":[36],"for":[37,120],"physically":[38],"algorithmically":[40],"with":[44,105],"strain-protected":[45],"nanomagnet":[46],"(NML).":[48],"While":[49],"this":[50,75,112],"NML":[51,67,88],"exhibits":[53],"security,":[57],"fabrication":[59],"imprecision,":[60],"noise-related":[61],"errors,":[62],"slow":[64],"speed":[65],"incur":[68],"a":[69,80,93,118],"significant":[70],"security":[71,91,104],"overhead":[72],"cost.":[73],"paper,":[76],"therefore":[78],"propose":[79],"hybrid":[81],"CMOS/NML":[82],"solution":[85],"in":[86],"which":[87],"islands":[89],"within":[92],"primarily":[95],"composed":[96],"CMOS,":[98],"thereby":[99],"providing":[100],"minimal":[106],"overhead.":[107],"addition":[109],"describing":[111],"system,":[114],"also":[116],"develop":[117],"framework":[119],"device/system":[121],"co-design":[122],"consider":[125],"trade-offs":[126],"regarding":[127],"efficiency":[129],"security.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
