{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3184042935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474203","title":"O2NN: Optical Neural Networks with Differential Detection-Enabled Optical Operands","display_name":"O2NN: Optical Neural Networks with Differential Detection-Enabled Optical Operands","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3184042935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474203","mag":"3184042935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474203","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090386129","display_name":"Jiaqi Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8535-7698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002117195","display_name":"Zheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-7189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335490905","display_name":"Synopsys (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb54f81","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905","https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102870827","display_name":"Chenghao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-2446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020057821","display_name":"Zhoufeng Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-8705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098042","display_name":"Integrated Optoelectronics (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wsgg405","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098042"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhoufeng Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alpine Optoelectronics, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alpine Optoelectronics, Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038900138","display_name":"Ray T. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9181-4266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray T. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011883763","display_name":"David Z. Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5705-2501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Z. Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, The University of Texas at Austin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1062","last_page":"1067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operand","display_name":"Operand","score":0.8761335611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6963458061218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.6241686940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6159465909004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-computing","display_name":"Optical computing","score":0.5824861526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.4970903694629669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47256889939308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4590086340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.45412060618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.41947540640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36491659283638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2816232144832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24361470341682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23453348875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1527237594127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1484801471233368}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55526617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719375","display_name":"Operand","level":2,"score":0.8761335611343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6963458061218262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.6241686940193176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6159465909004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148204187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176541","display_name":"Optical computing","level":2,"score":0.5824861526489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.4970903694629669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47256889939308167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4590086340904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.45412060618400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.41947540640830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36491659283638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2816232144832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24361470341682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23453348875045776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1527237594127655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1484801471233368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.23919/date51398.2021.9474203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.23919/date51398.2021.9474203","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 Design, Automation &amp; Test in Europe Conference &amp; Exhibition (DATE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2220870060","https://openalex.org/W2469490737","https://openalex.org/W2560017826","https://openalex.org/W2739588406","https://openalex.org/W2752849906","https://openalex.org/W2792037963","https://openalex.org/W2898151429","https://openalex.org/W2904694042","https://openalex.org/W2909619795","https://openalex.org/W2944578243","https://openalex.org/W2945546236","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963424132","https://openalex.org/W2968293285","https://openalex.org/W3004736936","https://openalex.org/W3013837193","https://openalex.org/W3023058991","https://openalex.org/W3034421924","https://openalex.org/W3036249069","https://openalex.org/W3036548498","https://openalex.org/W3044729026","https://openalex.org/W3086405781","https://openalex.org/W3089779975","https://openalex.org/W3092599113","https://openalex.org/W3098622544","https://openalex.org/W3103046660","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6730047919","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6762357356","https://openalex.org/W6779481632","https://openalex.org/W6779493530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W2556282987","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W2990605371","https://openalex.org/W2016221475","https://openalex.org/W3184042935","https://openalex.org/W4321262010"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optical":[0],"neuromorphic":[1,25],"computing":[2,26,53,90,163],"has":[3],"demonstrated":[4],"promising":[5],"performance":[6],"with":[7,42,91,120,140,164],"ultra-high":[8],"computation":[9],"speed,":[10],"high":[11],"bandwidth,":[12],"and":[13,51,79,86,98,107,113,132,144,156,170],"low":[14],"energy":[15],"consumption.":[16],"The":[17],"traditional":[18],"optical":[19,96],"neural":[20,89,162],"network":[21],"(ONN)":[22],"architectures":[23],"realize":[24],"via":[27],"electrical":[28],"weight":[29],"encoding.":[30],"However,":[31],"previous":[32],"ONN":[33,68,151],"design":[34],"methodologies":[35],"can":[36],"only":[37],"handle":[38],"static":[39],"linear":[40],"projection":[41],"stationary":[43],"synaptic":[44],"weights,":[45],"thus":[46],"fail":[47],"to":[48,82,103],"support":[49,158],"efficient":[50],"flexible":[52],"when":[54],"both":[55,92],"operands":[56,166],"are":[57,101,116,134],"dynamically-encoded":[58],"light":[59,93],"signals.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"work,":[63],"we":[64],"propose":[65],"a":[66,121,137],"novel":[67],"engine":[69],"O":[70],"<sup":[71],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[73],"NN":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76,129],"wavelength-division":[77],"multiplexing":[78],"differential":[80],"detection":[81],"enable":[83],"high-performance,":[84],"robust,":[85],"versatile":[87],"photonic":[88,161],"operands.":[94],"Balanced":[95],"weights":[97],"augmented":[99],"quantization":[100,169],"introduced":[102],"enhance":[104],"the":[105,149],"representability":[106],"efficiency":[108,133],"of":[109],"our":[110],"architecture.":[111],"Static":[112],"dynamic":[114],"variations":[115],"discussed":[117],"in":[118],"detail":[119],"knowledge-distillation-based":[122],"solution":[123],"given":[124],"for":[125,136,159],"robustness":[126],"improvement.":[127],"Discussions":[128],"hardware":[130],"cost":[131],"provided":[135],"comprehensive":[138],"comparison":[139],"prior":[141],"work.":[142],"Simulation":[143],"experimental":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"proposed":[150],"architecture":[152],"provides":[153],"flexible,":[154],"efficient,":[155],"robust":[157],"high-performance":[160],"fully-optical":[165],"under":[167],"low-bit":[168],"practical":[171],"variations.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}